feat(shader): add SamplerComponentType enum and infrastructure

Add SamplerComponentType enum to classify texture component types
(float, signed int, unsigned int, depth, stencil) and add
ReadTextureComponentType method to Environment interface.

- Add SamplerComponentType enum with constexpr helper functions
- Add component_type field to TextureDescriptor struct
- Add ReadTextureComponentType virtual method to Environment base class

Co-Authored-By: ForrestMarkX <forrestmarkx@outlook.com>
Signed-off-by: Zephyron <zephyron@citron-emu.org>

src/shader_recompiler/environment.h

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 citron Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #pragma once
@@ -22,6 +23,11 @@ public:
 
     [[nodiscard]] virtual TextureType ReadTextureType(u32 raw_handle) = 0;
 
+    /// Read the component type of a texture from its raw handle
+    /// @param raw_handle The raw texture handle to query
+    /// @return The component type of the texture (float, signed int, unsigned int, depth, or stencil)
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual SamplerComponentType ReadTextureComponentType(u32 raw_handle) = 0;
+
     [[nodiscard]] virtual TexturePixelFormat ReadTexturePixelFormat(u32 raw_handle) = 0;
 
     [[nodiscard]] virtual bool IsTexturePixelFormatInteger(u32 raw_handle) = 0;

src/shader_recompiler/shader_info.h

@@ -158,6 +158,25 @@ enum class ImageFormat : u32 {
     R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
 };
 
+/// Texture sampler component type classification
+enum class SamplerComponentType : u8 {
+    Float,   ///< Floating-point texture components
+    Sint,    ///< Signed integer texture components
+    Uint,    ///< Unsigned integer texture components
+    Depth,   ///< Depth texture components
+    Stencil, ///< Stencil texture components
+};
+
+/// Check if a component type represents an integer type
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool IsInteger(SamplerComponentType type) noexcept {
+    return type == SamplerComponentType::Sint || type == SamplerComponentType::Uint;
+}
+
+/// Check if a component type represents a depth or stencil type
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool IsDepthStencil(SamplerComponentType type) noexcept {
+    return type == SamplerComponentType::Depth || type == SamplerComponentType::Stencil;
+}
+
 enum class Interpolation {
     Smooth,
     Flat,
@@ -211,6 +230,7 @@ using ImageBufferDescriptors = boost::container::small_vector<ImageBufferDescrip
 
 struct TextureDescriptor {
     TextureType type;
+    SamplerComponentType component_type;
     bool is_depth;
     bool is_multisample;
     bool has_secondary;