Postmark inbound: improve inbound parsing

- Support Postmark's RawEmail option;
  recommend it in docs
- Handle Bcc when provided by Postmark
- Obtain `envelope_sender` from Return-Path info
  Postmark now adds, rather than parsing Received-SPF

Related:
- Add `AnymailInboundMessage.bcc` convenience prop
- Test against full Postmark "check" inbound payloads
  (which don't match their docs or real inbound payloads)
- Don't warn about receiving "check" payload

CHANGELOG.rst

@@ -59,6 +59,19 @@ Breaking changes
 
 * Require urllib3 1.25 or later (released 2019-04-29).
 
+Features
+~~~~~~~~
+
+* **Postmark inbound:**
+
+  * Handle Postmark's "Include raw email content in JSON payload"
+    inbound option. Enabling this setting is recommended to get
+    the most accurate representation of any received email.
+  * Obtain ``envelope_sender`` from *Return-Path* Postmark now provides.
+    (Replaces potentially faulty *Received-SPF* header parsing.)
+  * Add *Bcc* header to inbound message if provided. Postmark adds bcc
+    when the delivered-to address does not appear in the *To* header.
+
 Other
 ~~~~~
 

anymail/inbound.py

@@ -71,6 +71,12 @@ class AnymailInboundMessage(Message):
         # equivalent to Python 3.2+ message['Cc'].addresses
         return self.get_address_header("Cc")
 
+    @property
+    def bcc(self):
+        """list of EmailAddress objects from Bcc header"""
+        # equivalent to Python 3.2+ message['Bcc'].addresses
+        return self.get_address_header("Bcc")
+
     @property
     def subject(self):
         """str value of Subject header, or None"""
@@ -233,6 +239,7 @@ class AnymailInboundMessage(Message):
         from_email=None,
         to=None,
         cc=None,
+        bcc=None,
         subject=None,
         headers=None,
         text=None,
@@ -252,6 +259,7 @@ class AnymailInboundMessage(Message):
         :param from_email: {str|None} value for From header
         :param to: {str|None} value for To header
         :param cc: {str|None} value for Cc header
+        :param bcc: {str|None} value for Bcc header
         :param subject: {str|None} value for Subject header
         :param headers: {sequence[(str, str)]|mapping|None} additional headers
         :param text: {str|None} plaintext body
@@ -279,6 +287,9 @@ class AnymailInboundMessage(Message):
         if cc is not None:
             del msg["Cc"]
             msg["Cc"] = cc
+        if bcc is not None:
+            del msg["Bcc"]
+            msg["Bcc"] = bcc
         if subject is not None:
             del msg["Subject"]
             msg["Subject"] = subject

anymail/webhooks/postmark.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import json
-import warnings
+from email.utils import unquote
 
 from django.utils.dateparse import parse_datetime
 
-from ..exceptions import AnymailConfigurationError, AnymailWarning
+from ..exceptions import AnymailConfigurationError
 from ..inbound import AnymailInboundMessage
 from ..signals import (
     AnymailInboundEvent,
@@ -161,77 +161,65 @@ class PostmarkInboundWebhookView(PostmarkBaseWebhookView):
     signal = inbound
 
     def esp_to_anymail_event(self, esp_event):
-        if esp_event.get("RecordType", "Inbound") != "Inbound":
+        # Check correct webhook (inbound events don't have RecordType):
+        esp_record_type = esp_event.get("RecordType", "Inbound")
+        if esp_record_type != "Inbound":
             raise AnymailConfigurationError(
-                "You seem to have set Postmark's *%s* webhook "
+                f"You seem to have set Postmark's *{esp_record_type}* webhook"
-                "to Anymail's Postmark *inbound* webhook URL." % esp_event["RecordType"]
+                f" to Anymail's Postmark *inbound* webhook URL."
             )
 
-        attachments = [
+        headers = esp_event.get("Headers", [])
-            AnymailInboundMessage.construct_attachment(
+
-                content_type=attachment["ContentType"],
+        # Postmark inbound prepends "Return-Path" to Headers list
-                content=(
+        # (but it doesn't appear in original message or RawEmail).
-                    attachment.get("Content")
+        # (A Return-Path anywhere else in the headers or RawEmail
-                    # WORKAROUND:
+        # can't be considered legitimate.)
-                    # The test webhooks are not like their real webhooks
+        envelope_sender = None
-                    # This allows the test webhooks to be parsed.
+        if len(headers) > 0 and headers[0]["Name"].lower() == "return-path":
-                    or attachment["Data"]
+            envelope_sender = unquote(headers[0]["Value"])  # remove <>
-                ),
+            headers = headers[1:]  # don't include in message construction
-                base64=True,
+
-                filename=attachment.get("Name", "") or None,
+        if "RawEmail" in esp_event:
-                content_id=attachment.get("ContentID", "") or None,
+            message = AnymailInboundMessage.parse_raw_mime(esp_event["RawEmail"])
+            # Postmark provides Bcc when delivered-to is not in To header,
+            # but doesn't add it to the RawEmail.
+            if esp_event.get("BccFull") and "Bcc" not in message:
+                message["Bcc"] = self._addresses(esp_event["BccFull"])
+
+        else:
+            # RawEmail not included in payload; construct from parsed data.
+            attachments = [
+                AnymailInboundMessage.construct_attachment(
+                    content_type=attachment["ContentType"],
+                    # Real payloads have "Content", test payloads have "Data" (?!):
+                    content=attachment.get("Content") or attachment["Data"],
+                    base64=True,
+                    filename=attachment.get("Name"),
+                    content_id=attachment.get("ContentID"),
+                )
+                for attachment in esp_event.get("Attachments", [])
+            ]
+            message = AnymailInboundMessage.construct(
+                from_email=self._address(esp_event.get("FromFull")),
+                to=self._addresses(esp_event.get("ToFull")),
+                cc=self._addresses(esp_event.get("CcFull")),
+                bcc=self._addresses(esp_event.get("BccFull")),
+                subject=esp_event.get("Subject", ""),
+                headers=((header["Name"], header["Value"]) for header in headers),
+                text=esp_event.get("TextBody", ""),
+                html=esp_event.get("HtmlBody", ""),
+                attachments=attachments,
             )
-            for attachment in esp_event.get("Attachments", [])
+            # Postmark strips these headers and provides them as separate event fields:
-        ]
+            if esp_event.get("Date") and "Date" not in message:
+                message["Date"] = esp_event["Date"]
+            if esp_event.get("ReplyTo") and "Reply-To" not in message:
+                message["Reply-To"] = esp_event["ReplyTo"]
 
-        # Warning to the user regarding the workaround of above.
+        message.envelope_sender = envelope_sender
-        for attachment in esp_event.get("Attachments", []):
+        message.envelope_recipient = esp_event.get("OriginalRecipient")
-            if "Data" in attachment:
+        message.stripped_text = esp_event.get("StrippedTextReply")
-                warnings.warn(
-                    "Received a test webhook attachment. "
-                    "It is recommended to test with real inbound events. "
-                    "See https://github.com/anymail/django-anymail/issues/304 "
-                    "for more information.",
-                    AnymailWarning,
-                )
-                break
-
-        message = AnymailInboundMessage.construct(
-            from_email=self._address(esp_event.get("FromFull")),
-            to=", ".join([self._address(to) for to in esp_event.get("ToFull", [])]),
-            cc=", ".join([self._address(cc) for cc in esp_event.get("CcFull", [])]),
-            # bcc? Postmark specs this for inbound events,
-            # but it's unclear how it could occur
-            subject=esp_event.get("Subject", ""),
-            headers=[
-                (header["Name"], header["Value"])
-                for header in esp_event.get("Headers", [])
-            ],
-            text=esp_event.get("TextBody", ""),
-            html=esp_event.get("HtmlBody", ""),
-            attachments=attachments,
-        )
-
-        # Postmark strips these headers and provides them as separate event fields:
-        if "Date" in esp_event and "Date" not in message:
-            message["Date"] = esp_event["Date"]
-        if "ReplyTo" in esp_event and "Reply-To" not in message:
-            message["Reply-To"] = esp_event["ReplyTo"]
-
-        # Postmark doesn't have a separate envelope-sender field, but it can
-        # be extracted from the Received-SPF header that Postmark will have added.
-        # (More than one Received-SPF? someone's up to something weird?)
-        if len(message.get_all("Received-SPF", [])) == 1:
-            received_spf = message["Received-SPF"].lower()
-            if received_spf.startswith(  # not fail/softfail
-                "pass"
-            ) or received_spf.startswith("neutral"):
-                message.envelope_sender = message.get_param(
-                    "envelope-from", None, header="Received-SPF"
-                )
-
-        message.envelope_recipient = esp_event.get("OriginalRecipient", None)
-        message.stripped_text = esp_event.get("StrippedTextReply", None)
 
         message.spam_detected = message.get("X-Spam-Status", "No").lower() == "yes"
         try:
@@ -249,11 +237,11 @@ class PostmarkInboundWebhookView(PostmarkBaseWebhookView):
             message=message,
         )
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def _address(full):
+    def _address(cls, full):
         """
         Return a formatted email address
-        from a Postmark inbound {From,To,Cc}Full dict
+        from a Postmark inbound {From,To,Cc,Bcc}Full dict
         """
         if full is None:
             return ""
@@ -263,3 +251,13 @@ class PostmarkInboundWebhookView(PostmarkBaseWebhookView):
                 addr_spec=full.get("Email", ""),
             )
         )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _addresses(cls, full_list):
+        """
+        Return a formatted email address list string
+        from a Postmark inbound {To,Cc,Bcc}Full[] list of dicts
+        """
+        if full_list is None:
+            return None
+        return ", ".join(cls._address(addr) for addr in full_list)

docs/esps/postmark.rst

@@ -244,19 +244,28 @@ a `dict` of Postmark `delivery <https://postmarkapp.com/developer/webhooks/deliv
 Inbound webhook
 ---------------
 
-If you want to receive email from Postmark through Anymail's normalized :ref:`inbound <inbound>`
+To receive email from Postmark through Anymail's normalized
-handling, follow Postmark's `Inbound Processing`_ guide to configure
+:ref:`inbound <inbound>` handling, follow Postmark's guide to
-an inbound server pointing to Anymail's inbound webhook.
+`Configure an inbound server`_ that posts to Anymail's inbound webhook.
 
-The InboundHookUrl setting will be:
+In their step 4, set the inbound webhook URL to:
 
    :samp:`https://{random}:{random}@{yoursite.example.com}/anymail/postmark/inbound/`
 
      * *random:random* is an :setting:`ANYMAIL_WEBHOOK_SECRET` shared secret
      * *yoursite.example.com* is your Django site
 
-Anymail handles the "parse an email" part of Postmark's instructions for you, but you'll
+We recommend enabling the "Include raw email content in JSON payload" checkbox.
-likely want to work through the other sections to set up a custom inbound domain, and
+Anymail's inbound handling supports either choice, but raw email is preferred
-perhaps configure inbound spam blocking.
+to get the most accurate representation of any received message. (If you are using
+Postmark's server API, this is the ``RawEmailEnabled`` option.)
 
+.. versionchanged:: 10.0
+   Added handling for Postmark's "include raw email content".
+
+You may also want to read through the "Inbound domain forwarding" and
+"Configure inbound blocking" sections of Postmark's `Inbound Processing`_ guide.
+
+.. _Configure an inbound server:
+   https://postmarkapp.com/developer/user-guide/inbound/configure-an-inbound-server
 .. _Inbound Processing: https://postmarkapp.com/developer/user-guide/inbound

tests/test_files/postmark-inbound-test-payload-with-raw.json

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "FromName": "Postmarkapp Support",
+  "MessageStream": "inbound",
+  "From": "support@postmarkapp.com",
+  "FromFull": {
+    "Email": "support@postmarkapp.com",
+    "Name": "Postmarkapp Support",
+    "MailboxHash": ""
+  },
+  "To": "\"Firstname Lastname\" <mailbox+SampleHash@inbound.postmarkapp.com>",
+  "ToFull": [
+    {
+      "Email": "mailbox+SampleHash@inbound.postmarkapp.com",
+      "Name": "Firstname Lastname",
+      "MailboxHash": "SampleHash"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Cc": "\"First Cc\" <firstcc@postmarkapp.com>, secondCc@postmarkapp.com",
+  "CcFull": [
+    {
+      "Email": "firstcc@postmarkapp.com",
+      "Name": "First Cc",
+      "MailboxHash": ""
+    },
+    {
+      "Email": "secondCc@postmarkapp.com",
+      "Name": "",
+      "MailboxHash": ""
+    }
+  ],
+  "Bcc": "\"First Bcc\" <firstbcc@postmarkapp.com>",
+  "BccFull": [
+    {
+      "Email": "firstbcc@postmarkapp.com",
+      "Name": "First Bcc",
+      "MailboxHash": ""
+    }
+  ],
+  "OriginalRecipient": "mailbox+SampleHash@inbound.postmarkapp.com",
+  "Subject": "Test subject",
+  "MessageID": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
+  "ReplyTo": "replyto@example.com",
+  "MailboxHash": "SampleHash",
+  "Date": "Fri, 5 May 2023 17:41:16 -0400",
+  "TextBody": "This is a test text body.",
+  "HtmlBody": "<html><body><p>This is a test html body.<\/p><\/body><\/html>",
+  "StrippedTextReply": "This is the reply text",
+  "RawEmail": "From: Postmarkapp Support <support@postmarkapp.com>\r\nTo: Firstname Lastname <mailbox+SampleHash@inbound.postmarkapp.com>\r\nSubject: Test subject\r\n\r\nThis is a test text body.\r\n",
+  "Tag": "TestTag",
+  "Headers": [
+    {
+      "Name": "X-Header-Test",
+      "Value": ""
+    }
+  ],
+  "Attachments": [
+    {
+      "Name": "test.txt",
+      "ContentType": "text/plain",
+      "Data": "VGhpcyBpcyBhdHRhY2htZW50IGNvbnRlbnRzLCBiYXNlLTY0IGVuY29kZWQu",
+      "ContentLength": 45
+    }
+  ]
+}

tests/test_files/postmark-inbound-test-payload.json

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "FromName": "Postmarkapp Support",
+  "MessageStream": "inbound",
+  "From": "support@postmarkapp.com",
+  "FromFull": {
+    "Email": "support@postmarkapp.com",
+    "Name": "Postmarkapp Support",
+    "MailboxHash": ""
+  },
+  "To": "\"Firstname Lastname\" <mailbox+SampleHash@inbound.postmarkapp.com>",
+  "ToFull": [
+    {
+      "Email": "mailbox+SampleHash@inbound.postmarkapp.com",
+      "Name": "Firstname Lastname",
+      "MailboxHash": "SampleHash"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Cc": "\"First Cc\" <firstcc@postmarkapp.com>, secondCc@postmarkapp.com",
+  "CcFull": [
+    {
+      "Email": "firstcc@postmarkapp.com",
+      "Name": "First Cc",
+      "MailboxHash": ""
+    },
+    {
+      "Email": "secondCc@postmarkapp.com",
+      "Name": "",
+      "MailboxHash": ""
+    }
+  ],
+  "Bcc": "\"First Bcc\" <firstbcc@postmarkapp.com>",
+  "BccFull": [
+    {
+      "Email": "firstbcc@postmarkapp.com",
+      "Name": "First Bcc",
+      "MailboxHash": ""
+    }
+  ],
+  "OriginalRecipient": "mailbox+SampleHash@inbound.postmarkapp.com",
+  "Subject": "Test subject",
+  "MessageID": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
+  "ReplyTo": "replyto@example.com",
+  "MailboxHash": "SampleHash",
+  "Date": "Fri, 5 May 2023 17:44:33 -0400",
+  "TextBody": "This is a test text body.",
+  "HtmlBody": "<html><body><p>This is a test html body.<\/p><\/body><\/html>",
+  "StrippedTextReply": "This is the reply text",
+  "Tag": "TestTag",
+  "Headers": [
+    {
+      "Name": "X-Header-Test",
+      "Value": ""
+    }
+  ],
+  "Attachments": [
+    {
+      "Name": "test.txt",
+      "ContentType": "text/plain",
+      "Data": "VGhpcyBpcyBhdHRhY2htZW50IGNvbnRlbnRzLCBiYXNlLTY0IGVuY29kZWQu",
+      "ContentLength": 45
+    }
+  ]
+}

tests/test_inbound.py

@@ -284,6 +284,7 @@ class AnymailInboundMessageConveniencePropTests(SimpleTestCase):
             from_email='"Sender, Inc." <sender@example.com>',
             to="First To <to1@example.com>, to2@example.com",
             cc="First Cc <cc1@example.com>, cc2@example.com",
+            bcc="bcc@example.com",
         )
         self.assertEqual(str(msg.from_email), '"Sender, Inc." <sender@example.com>')
         self.assertEqual(msg.from_email.addr_spec, "sender@example.com")
@@ -301,6 +302,9 @@ class AnymailInboundMessageConveniencePropTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(msg.cc[0].address, "First Cc <cc1@example.com>")
         self.assertEqual(msg.cc[1].address, "cc2@example.com")
 
+        self.assertEqual(len(msg.bcc), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(msg.bcc[0].address, "bcc@example.com")
+
         # Default None/empty lists
         msg = AnymailInboundMessage()
         self.assertIsNone(msg.from_email)

tests/test_postmark_inbound.py

@@ -1,21 +1,23 @@
 import json
 from base64 import b64encode
+from textwrap import dedent
 from unittest.mock import ANY
 
 from django.test import tag
 
-from anymail.exceptions import AnymailConfigurationError, AnymailWarning
+from anymail.exceptions import AnymailConfigurationError
 from anymail.inbound import AnymailInboundMessage
 from anymail.signals import AnymailInboundEvent
 from anymail.webhooks.postmark import PostmarkInboundWebhookView
 
-from .utils import sample_email_content, sample_image_content
+from .utils import sample_email_content, sample_image_content, test_file_content
 from .webhook_cases import WebhookTestCase
 
 
 @tag("postmark")
 class PostmarkInboundTestCase(WebhookTestCase):
     def test_inbound_basics(self):
+        # without "Include raw email content in JSON payload"
         raw_event = {
             "FromFull": {
                 "Email": "from+test@example.org",
@@ -32,9 +34,10 @@ class PostmarkInboundTestCase(WebhookTestCase):
             ],
             "CcFull": [{"Email": "cc@example.com", "Name": "", "MailboxHash": ""}],
             "BccFull": [
+                # Postmark provides Bcc if delivered-to address is not in To field:
                 {
-                    "Email": "bcc@example.com",
+                    "Email": "test@inbound.example.com",
-                    "Name": "Postmark documents blind cc on inbound email (?)",
+                    "Name": "",
                     "MailboxHash": "",
                 }
             ],
@@ -48,34 +51,29 @@ class PostmarkInboundTestCase(WebhookTestCase):
             "StrippedTextReply": "stripped plaintext body",
             "Tag": "",
             "Headers": [
+                {"Name": "Return-Path", "Value": "<envelope-from@example.org>"},
                 {
                     "Name": "Received",
                     "Value": "from mail.example.org by inbound.postmarkapp.com ...",
                 },
                 {
                     "Name": "X-Spam-Checker-Version",
-                    "Value": "SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07)"
+                    "Value": "SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on p-pm-smtp-inbound01b-aws-useast2b",  # NOQA: E501
-                    " onp-pm-smtp-inbound01b-aws-useast2b",
                 },
                 {"Name": "X-Spam-Status", "Value": "No"},
                 {"Name": "X-Spam-Score", "Value": "1.7"},
                 {"Name": "X-Spam-Tests", "Value": "SPF_PASS"},
-                {
-                    "Name": "Received-SPF",
-                    "Value": "Pass (sender SPF authorized) identity=mailfrom;"
-                    " client-ip=333.3.3.3;"
-                    " helo=mail-02.example.org;"
-                    " envelope-from=envelope-from@example.org;"
-                    " receiver=test@inbound.example.com",
-                },
                 {
                     "Name": "Received",
                     "Value": "by mail.example.org for <test@inbound.example.com> ...",
                 },
                 {
                     "Name": "Received",
-                    "Value": "by 10.10.1.71 with HTTP;"
+                    "Value": "by 10.10.1.71 with HTTP; Wed, 11 Oct 2017 18:31:04 -0700 (PDT)",
-                    " Wed, 11 Oct 2017 18:31:04 -0700 (PDT)",
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Return-Path",
+                    "Value": "<fake-return-path@postmark-should-have-removed>",
                 },
                 {"Name": "MIME-Version", "Value": "1.0"},
                 {"Name": "Message-ID", "Value": "<CAEPk3R+4Zr@mail.example.org>"},
@@ -114,6 +112,7 @@ class PostmarkInboundTestCase(WebhookTestCase):
             ["Test Inbound <test@inbound.example.com>", "other@example.com"],
         )
         self.assertEqual([str(e) for e in message.cc], ["cc@example.com"])
+        self.assertEqual([str(e) for e in message.bcc], ["test@inbound.example.com"])
         self.assertEqual(message.subject, "Test subject")
         self.assertEqual(message.date.isoformat(" "), "2017-10-11 18:31:04-07:00")
         self.assertEqual(message.text, "Test body plain")
@@ -165,27 +164,14 @@ class PostmarkInboundTestCase(WebhookTestCase):
                     "ContentType": 'message/rfc822; charset="us-ascii"',
                     "ContentLength": len(email_content),
                 },
-                # This is an attachement like send by the test webhook
-                # A workaround is implemented to handle it.
-                # Once Postmark solves the bug on their side this workaround
-                # can be reverted.
-                {
-                    "Name": "test.txt",
-                    "ContentType": "text/plain",
-                    "Data": "VGhpcyBpcyBhdHRhY2htZW50IGNvbnRlbnRzLCBiYXNlLTY0IGVuY29kZWQu",
-                    "ContentLength": 45,
-                },
             ]
         }
 
-        with self.assertWarnsRegex(
+        response = self.client.post(
-            AnymailWarning, r"Received a test webhook attachment. "
+            "/anymail/postmark/inbound/",
-        ):
+            content_type="application/json",
-            response = self.client.post(
+            data=json.dumps(raw_event),
-                "/anymail/postmark/inbound/",
+        )
-                content_type="application/json",
-                data=json.dumps(raw_event),
-            )
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
         kwargs = self.assert_handler_called_once_with(
             self.inbound_handler,
@@ -196,7 +182,7 @@ class PostmarkInboundTestCase(WebhookTestCase):
         event = kwargs["event"]
         message = event.message
         attachments = message.attachments  # AnymailInboundMessage convenience accessor
-        self.assertEqual(len(attachments), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(len(attachments), 2)
         self.assertEqual(attachments[0].get_filename(), "test.txt")
         self.assertEqual(attachments[0].get_content_type(), "text/plain")
         self.assertEqual(attachments[0].get_content_text(), "test attachment")
@@ -205,14 +191,6 @@ class PostmarkInboundTestCase(WebhookTestCase):
             attachments[1].get_content_bytes(), email_content
         )
 
-        # Attachment of test webhook
-        self.assertEqual(attachments[2].get_filename(), "test.txt")
-        self.assertEqual(attachments[2].get_content_type(), "text/plain")
-        self.assertEqual(
-            attachments[2].get_content_text(),
-            "This is attachment contents, base-64 encoded.",
-        )
-
         inlines = message.inline_attachments
         self.assertEqual(len(inlines), 1)
         inline = inlines["abc123"]
@@ -220,119 +198,160 @@ class PostmarkInboundTestCase(WebhookTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(inline.get_content_type(), "image/png")
         self.assertEqual(inline.get_content_bytes(), image_content)
 
-    def test_envelope_sender(self):
+    def test_inbound_with_raw_email(self):
-        # Anymail extracts envelope-sender from Postmark Received-SPF header
+        # With "Include raw email content in JSON payload"
         raw_event = {
-            "Headers": [
+            # (Postmark's "RawEmail" actually uses \n rather than \r\n)
+            "RawEmail": dedent(
+                """\
+                Received: from mail.example.org by inbound.postmarkapp.com ...
+                X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07)
+                \ton p-pm-smtp-inbound01b-aws-useast2b
+                X-Spam-Status: No
+                X-Spam-Score: 1.7
+                X-Spam-Tests: SPF_PASS
+                Received: by mail.example.org for <test@inbound.example.com> ...
+                Received: by 10.10.1.71 with HTTP; Wed, 11 Oct 2017 18:31:04 -0700 (PDT)
+                MIME-Version: 1.0
+                Message-ID: <CAEPk3R+4Zr@mail.example.org>
+                Return-Path: <fake-return-path@postmark-should-have-removed>
+                From: "Displayed From" <from+test@example.org>
+                To: Test Inbound <test@inbound.example.com>, other@example.com
+                Cc: cc@example.com
+                Reply-To: from+test@milter.example.org
+                Subject: Test subject
+                Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2017 18:31:04 -0700
+                Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="BoUnDaRy1"
+
+                --BoUnDaRy1
+                Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
+                Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+
+                Test body plain
+                --BoUnDaRy1
+                Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="bOuNdArY2"
+
+                --bOuNdArY2
+                Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
+                Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+
+                <div>Test body html</div>
+                --bOuNdArY2
+                Content-Type: text/plain
+                Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+                Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="attachment.txt"
+
+                This is an attachment
+                --bOuNdArY2--
+
+                --BoUnDaRy1--
+                """
+            ),
+            "BccFull": [
+                # Postmark provides Bcc if delivered-to address is not in To field
+                # (but not in RawEmail)
                 {
-                    "Name": "Received-SPF",
+                    "Email": "test@inbound.example.com",
-                    "Value": "Pass (sender SPF authorized) identity=mailfrom;"
+                    "Name": "",
-                    " client-ip=333.3.3.3;"
+                    "MailboxHash": "",
-                    " helo=mail-02.example.org;"
-                    " envelope-from=envelope-from@example.org;"
-                    " receiver=test@inbound.example.com",
                 }
             ],
+            "OriginalRecipient": "test@inbound.example.com",
+            "MessageID": "22c74902-a0c1-4511-804f2-341342852c90",
+            "StrippedTextReply": "stripped plaintext body",
+            "Tag": "",
+            "Headers": [
+                {"Name": "Return-Path", "Value": "<envelope-from@example.org>"},
+                # ... All the other headers would be here ...
+                # This is a fake header (not in RawEmail) to make sure we only
+                # add headers in one place:
+                {
+                    "Name": "X-No-Duplicates",
+                    "Value": "headers only from RawEmail",
+                },
+            ],
+            "Attachments": [
+                # ... Real attachments would appear here. ...
+                # This is a fake one (not in RawEmail) to make sure we only
+                # add attachments in one place:
+                {
+                    "Name": "no-duplicates.txt",
+                    "Content": b64encode("fake attachment".encode("utf-8")).decode(
+                        "ascii"
+                    ),
+                    "ContentType": "text/plain",
+                    "ContentLength": len("fake attachment"),
+                },
+            ],
         }
+
         response = self.client.post(
             "/anymail/postmark/inbound/",
             content_type="application/json",
             data=json.dumps(raw_event),
         )
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        kwargs = self.assert_handler_called_once_with(
+            self.inbound_handler,
+            sender=PostmarkInboundWebhookView,
+            event=ANY,
+            esp_name="Postmark",
+        )
+        # AnymailInboundEvent
+        event = kwargs["event"]
+        self.assertIsInstance(event, AnymailInboundEvent)
+        self.assertEqual(event.event_type, "inbound")
+        # Postmark doesn't provide inbound event timestamp:
+        self.assertIsNone(event.timestamp)
+        self.assertEqual(event.event_id, "22c74902-a0c1-4511-804f2-341342852c90")
+        self.assertIsInstance(event.message, AnymailInboundMessage)
+        self.assertEqual(event.esp_event, raw_event)
+
+        # AnymailInboundMessage - convenience properties
+        message = event.message
+
+        self.assertEqual(message.from_email.display_name, "Displayed From")
+        self.assertEqual(message.from_email.addr_spec, "from+test@example.org")
         self.assertEqual(
-            self.get_kwargs(self.inbound_handler)["event"].message.envelope_sender,
+            [str(e) for e in message.to],
-            "envelope-from@example.org",
+            ["Test Inbound <test@inbound.example.com>", "other@example.com"],
         )
+        self.assertEqual([str(e) for e in message.cc], ["cc@example.com"])
+        self.assertEqual([str(e) for e in message.bcc], ["test@inbound.example.com"])
+        self.assertEqual(message.subject, "Test subject")
+        self.assertEqual(message.date.isoformat(" "), "2017-10-11 18:31:04-07:00")
+        self.assertEqual(message.text, "Test body plain")
+        self.assertEqual(message.html, "<div>Test body html</div>")
 
-        # Allow neutral SPF response
+        self.assertEqual(message.envelope_sender, "envelope-from@example.org")
-        self.client.post(
+        self.assertEqual(message.envelope_recipient, "test@inbound.example.com")
-            "/anymail/postmark/inbound/",
+        self.assertEqual(message.stripped_text, "stripped plaintext body")
-            content_type="application/json",
+        # Postmark doesn't provide stripped html:
-            data=json.dumps(
+        self.assertIsNone(message.stripped_html)
-                {
+        self.assertIs(message.spam_detected, False)
-                    "Headers": [
+        self.assertEqual(message.spam_score, 1.7)
-                        {
+
-                            "Name": "Received-SPF",
+        # AnymailInboundMessage - other headers
-                            "Value": "Neutral (no SPF record exists)"
+        self.assertEqual(message["Message-ID"], "<CAEPk3R+4Zr@mail.example.org>")
-                            " identity=mailfrom;"
+        self.assertEqual(message["Reply-To"], "from+test@milter.example.org")
-                            " envelope-from=envelope-from@example.org",
-                        }
-                    ]
-                }
-            ),
-        )
         self.assertEqual(
-            self.get_kwargs(self.inbound_handler)["event"].message.envelope_sender,
+            message.get_all("Received"),
-            "envelope-from@example.org",
+            [
+                "from mail.example.org by inbound.postmarkapp.com ...",
+                "by mail.example.org for <test@inbound.example.com> ...",
+                "by 10.10.1.71 with HTTP; Wed, 11 Oct 2017 18:31:04 -0700 (PDT)",
+            ],
         )
 
-        # Ignore fail/softfail
+        # Attachments (from RawEmail only, not also from parsed):
-        self.client.post(
+        attachments = message.attachments
-            "/anymail/postmark/inbound/",
+        self.assertEqual(len(attachments), 1)
-            content_type="application/json",
+        self.assertEqual(attachments[0].get_filename(), "attachment.txt")
-            data=json.dumps(
+        self.assertEqual(attachments[0].get_content_type(), "text/plain")
-                {
+        self.assertEqual(attachments[0].get_content_text(), "This is an attachment")
-                    "Headers": [
-                        {
-                            "Name": "Received-SPF",
-                            "Value": "Fail (sender not SPF authorized)"
-                            " identity=mailfrom;"
-                            " envelope-from=spoofed@example.org",
-                        }
-                    ]
-                }
-            ),
-        )
-        self.assertIsNone(
-            self.get_kwargs(self.inbound_handler)["event"].message.envelope_sender
-        )
 
-        # Ignore garbage
+        # Make sure we didn't load headers from both RawEmail and parsed:
-        self.client.post(
+        self.assertNotIn("X-No-Duplicates", message)
-            "/anymail/postmark/inbound/",
-            content_type="application/json",
-            data=json.dumps(
-                {
-                    "Headers": [
-                        {
-                            "Name": "Received-SPF",
-                            "Value": "ThisIsNotAValidReceivedSPFHeader@example.org",
-                        }
-                    ]
-                }
-            ),
-        )
-        self.assertIsNone(
-            self.get_kwargs(self.inbound_handler)["event"].message.envelope_sender
-        )
-
-        # Ignore multiple Received-SPF headers
-        self.client.post(
-            "/anymail/postmark/inbound/",
-            content_type="application/json",
-            data=json.dumps(
-                {
-                    "Headers": [
-                        {
-                            "Name": "Received-SPF",
-                            "Value": "Fail (sender not SPF authorized)"
-                            " identity=mailfrom;"
-                            " envelope-from=spoofed@example.org",
-                        },
-                        {
-                            "Name": "Received-SPF",
-                            "Value": "Pass (malicious sender added this)"
-                            " identity=mailfrom;"
-                            " envelope-from=spoofed@example.org",
-                        },
-                    ]
-                }
-            ),
-        )
-        self.assertIsNone(
-            self.get_kwargs(self.inbound_handler)["event"].message.envelope_sender
-        )
 
     def test_misconfigured_tracking(self):
         errmsg = (
@@ -345,3 +364,31 @@ class PostmarkInboundTestCase(WebhookTestCase):
                 content_type="application/json",
                 data=json.dumps({"RecordType": "Delivery"}),
             )
+
+    def test_check_payload(self):
+        # Postmark's "Check" button in the inbound webhook dashboard posts a static
+        # payload that doesn't match their docs or actual inbound message payloads.
+        # (Its attachments have "Data" rather than "Content".)
+        # They apparently have no plans to fix it, so make sure Anymail can handle it.
+        for filename in [
+            # Actual test payloads from 2023-05-05:
+            "postmark-inbound-test-payload.json",
+            "postmark-inbound-test-payload-with-raw.json",
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(filename=filename):
+                self.inbound_handler.reset_mock()  # (subTest doesn't setUp/tearDown)
+                test_payload = test_file_content(filename)
+                response = self.client.post(
+                    "/anymail/postmark/inbound/",
+                    content_type="application/json",
+                    data=test_payload,
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+                self.assert_handler_called_once_with(
+                    self.inbound_handler,
+                    sender=PostmarkInboundWebhookView,
+                    event=ANY,
+                    esp_name="Postmark",
+                )
+                # Don't care about the actual test message contents here,
+                # just want to make sure it parses and signals inbound without error.