# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from datetime import date, datetime from decimal import Decimal from email.mime.base import MIMEBase from email.mime.image import MIMEImage from django.core import mail from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.test import SimpleTestCase from django.test.utils import override_settings from django.utils.timezone import get_fixed_timezone, override as override_current_timezone from anymail.exceptions import (AnymailAPIError, AnymailRecipientsRefused, AnymailSerializationError, AnymailUnsupportedFeature) from anymail.message import attach_inline_image from .mock_requests_backend import RequestsBackendMockAPITestCase, SessionSharingTestCasesMixin from .utils import sample_image_content, sample_image_path, SAMPLE_IMAGE_FILENAME, AnymailTestMixin, decode_att @override_settings(EMAIL_BACKEND='anymail.backends.mandrill.EmailBackend', ANYMAIL={'MANDRILL_API_KEY': 'test_api_key'}) class MandrillBackendMockAPITestCase(RequestsBackendMockAPITestCase): DEFAULT_RAW_RESPONSE = b"""[{ "email": "to@example.com", "status": "sent", "_id": "abc123", "reject_reason": null }]""" def setUp(self): super(MandrillBackendMockAPITestCase, self).setUp() # Simple message useful for many tests self.message = mail.EmailMultiAlternatives('Subject', 'Text Body', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com']) class MandrillBackendStandardEmailTests(MandrillBackendMockAPITestCase): """Test backend support for Django mail wrappers""" def test_send_mail(self): mail.send_mail('Subject here', 'Here is the message.', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'], fail_silently=False) self.assert_esp_called("/messages/send.json") data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['key'], "test_api_key") self.assertEqual(data['message']['subject'], "Subject here") self.assertEqual(data['message']['text'], "Here is the message.") self.assertNotIn('from_name', data['message']) self.assertEqual(data['message']['from_email'], "from@example.com") self.assertEqual(data['message']['to'], [{'email': 'to@example.com', 'name': '', 'type': 'to'}]) def test_name_addr(self): """Make sure RFC2822 name-addr format (with display-name) is allowed (Test both sender and recipient addresses) """ msg = mail.EmailMessage( 'Subject', 'Message', 'From Name ', ['Recipient #1 ', 'to2@example.com'], cc=['Carbon Copy ', 'cc2@example.com'], bcc=['Blind Copy ', 'bcc2@example.com']) msg.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['message']['from_name'], "From Name") self.assertEqual(data['message']['from_email'], "from@example.com") self.assertEqual(data['message']['to'], [ {'email': 'to1@example.com', 'name': 'Recipient #1', 'type': 'to'}, {'email': 'to2@example.com', 'name': '', 'type': 'to'}, {'email': 'cc1@example.com', 'name': 'Carbon Copy', 'type': 'cc'}, {'email': 'cc2@example.com', 'name': '', 'type': 'cc'}, {'email': 'bcc1@example.com', 'name': 'Blind Copy', 'type': 'bcc'}, {'email': 'bcc2@example.com', 'name': '', 'type': 'bcc'}, ]) def test_email_message(self): email = mail.EmailMessage( 'Subject', 'Body goes here', 'from@example.com', ['to1@example.com', 'Also To '], bcc=['bcc1@example.com', 'Also BCC '], cc=['cc1@example.com', 'Also CC '], headers={'Reply-To': 'another@example.com', 'X-MyHeader': 'my value', 'Message-ID': 'mycustommsgid@example.com'}) email.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['message']['subject'], "Subject") self.assertEqual(data['message']['text'], "Body goes here") self.assertEqual(data['message']['from_email'], "from@example.com") self.assertEqual(data['message']['headers'], {'Reply-To': 'another@example.com', 'X-MyHeader': 'my value', 'Message-ID': 'mycustommsgid@example.com'}) # Verify recipients correctly identified as "to", "cc", or "bcc" self.assertEqual(data['message']['to'], [ {'email': 'to1@example.com', 'name': '', 'type': 'to'}, {'email': 'to2@example.com', 'name': 'Also To', 'type': 'to'}, {'email': 'cc1@example.com', 'name': '', 'type': 'cc'}, {'email': 'cc2@example.com', 'name': 'Also CC', 'type': 'cc'}, {'email': 'bcc1@example.com', 'name': '', 'type': 'bcc'}, {'email': 'bcc2@example.com', 'name': 'Also BCC', 'type': 'bcc'}, ]) # Don't use Mandrill's bcc_address "logging" feature for bcc's: self.assertNotIn('bcc_address', data['message']) def test_html_message(self): text_content = 'This is an important message.' html_content = '

This is an important message.

' email = mail.EmailMultiAlternatives('Subject', text_content, 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com']) email.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html") email.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['message']['text'], text_content) self.assertEqual(data['message']['html'], html_content) # Don't accidentally send the html part as an attachment: self.assertFalse('attachments' in data['message']) def test_html_only_message(self): html_content = '

This is an important message.

' email = mail.EmailMessage('Subject', html_content, 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com']) email.content_subtype = "html" # Main content is now text/html email.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertNotIn('text', data['message']) self.assertEqual(data['message']['html'], html_content) def test_reply_to(self): email = mail.EmailMessage('Subject', 'Body goes here', 'from@example.com', ['to1@example.com'], reply_to=['reply@example.com', 'Other '], headers={'X-Other': 'Keep'}) email.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['message']['headers']['Reply-To'], 'reply@example.com, Other ') self.assertEqual(data['message']['headers']['X-Other'], 'Keep') # don't lose other headers def test_attachments(self): text_content = "* Item one\n* Item two\n* Item three" self.message.attach(filename="test.txt", content=text_content, mimetype="text/plain") # Should guess mimetype if not provided... png_content = b"PNG\xb4 pretend this is the contents of a png file" self.message.attach(filename="test.png", content=png_content) # Should work with a MIMEBase object (also tests no filename)... pdf_content = b"PDF\xb4 pretend this is valid pdf data" mimeattachment = MIMEBase('application', 'pdf') mimeattachment.set_payload(pdf_content) self.message.attach(mimeattachment) self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() attachments = data['message']['attachments'] self.assertEqual(len(attachments), 3) self.assertEqual(attachments[0]["type"], "text/plain") self.assertEqual(attachments[0]["name"], "test.txt") self.assertEqual(decode_att(attachments[0]["content"]).decode('ascii'), text_content) self.assertEqual(attachments[1]["type"], "image/png") # inferred from filename self.assertEqual(attachments[1]["name"], "test.png") self.assertEqual(decode_att(attachments[1]["content"]), png_content) self.assertEqual(attachments[2]["type"], "application/pdf") self.assertEqual(attachments[2]["name"], "") # none self.assertEqual(decode_att(attachments[2]["content"]), pdf_content) # Make sure the image attachment is not treated as embedded: self.assertFalse('images' in data['message']) def test_unicode_attachment_correctly_decoded(self): self.message.attach(u"Une pièce jointe.html", u'

\u2019

', mimetype='text/html') self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() attachments = data['message']['attachments'] self.assertEqual(len(attachments), 1) def test_embedded_images(self): image_data = sample_image_content() # Read from a png file cid = attach_inline_image(self.message, image_data) html_content = '

This has an inline image.

' % cid self.message.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html") self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(len(data['message']['images']), 1) self.assertEqual(data['message']['images'][0]["type"], "image/png") self.assertEqual(data['message']['images'][0]["name"], cid) self.assertEqual(decode_att(data['message']['images'][0]["content"]), image_data) # Make sure neither the html nor the inline image is treated as an attachment: self.assertFalse('attachments' in data['message']) def test_attached_images(self): image_filename = SAMPLE_IMAGE_FILENAME image_path = sample_image_path(image_filename) image_data = sample_image_content(image_filename) self.message.attach_file(image_path) # option 1: attach as a file image = MIMEImage(image_data) # option 2: construct the MIMEImage and attach it directly self.message.attach(image) self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() attachments = data['message']['attachments'] self.assertEqual(len(attachments), 2) self.assertEqual(attachments[0]["type"], "image/png") self.assertEqual(attachments[0]["name"], image_filename) self.assertEqual(decode_att(attachments[0]["content"]), image_data) self.assertEqual(attachments[1]["type"], "image/png") self.assertEqual(attachments[1]["name"], "") # unknown -- not attached as file self.assertEqual(decode_att(attachments[1]["content"]), image_data) # Make sure the image attachments are not treated as embedded: self.assertFalse('images' in data['message']) def test_multiple_html_alternatives(self): # Multiple alternatives not allowed self.message.attach_alternative("

First html is OK

", "text/html") self.message.attach_alternative("

But not second html

", "text/html") with self.assertRaises(AnymailUnsupportedFeature): self.message.send() def test_html_alternative(self): # Only html alternatives allowed self.message.attach_alternative("{'not': 'allowed'}", "application/json") with self.assertRaises(AnymailUnsupportedFeature): self.message.send() def test_alternatives_fail_silently(self): # Make sure fail_silently is respected self.message.attach_alternative("{'not': 'allowed'}", "application/json") sent = self.message.send(fail_silently=True) self.assert_esp_not_called("API should not be called when send fails silently") self.assertEqual(sent, 0) def test_api_failure(self): self.set_mock_response(status_code=400) with self.assertRaisesMessage(AnymailAPIError, "Mandrill API response 400"): mail.send_mail('Subject', 'Body', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com']) # Make sure fail_silently is respected self.set_mock_response(status_code=400) sent = mail.send_mail('Subject', 'Body', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'], fail_silently=True) self.assertEqual(sent, 0) def test_api_error_includes_details(self): """AnymailAPIError should include ESP's error message""" self.set_mock_response(status_code=400, raw=b"""{ "status": "error", "code": 12, "name": "Error_Name", "message": "Helpful explanation from Mandrill" }""") with self.assertRaisesMessage(AnymailAPIError, "Helpful explanation from Mandrill"): self.message.send() # Non-JSON error response: self.set_mock_response(status_code=500, raw=b"Invalid API key") with self.assertRaisesMessage(AnymailAPIError, "Invalid API key"): self.message.send() # No content in the error response: self.set_mock_response(status_code=502, raw=None) with self.assertRaises(AnymailAPIError): self.message.send() class MandrillBackendAnymailFeatureTests(MandrillBackendMockAPITestCase): """Test backend support for Anymail added features""" def test_metadata(self): self.message.metadata = {'user_id': "12345", 'items': 6} self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['message']['metadata'], {'user_id': "12345", 'items': 6}) def test_send_at(self): utc_plus_6 = get_fixed_timezone(6 * 60) utc_minus_8 = get_fixed_timezone(-8 * 60) with override_current_timezone(utc_plus_6): # Timezone-naive datetime assumed to be Django current_timezone self.message.send_at = datetime(2022, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 567) self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['send_at'], "2022-10-11 06:13:14") # 12:13 UTC+6 == 06:13 UTC # Timezone-aware datetime converted to UTC: self.message.send_at = datetime(2016, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, tzinfo=utc_minus_8) self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['send_at'], "2016-03-04 13:06:07") # 05:06 UTC-8 == 13:06 UTC # Date-only treated as midnight in current timezone self.message.send_at = date(2022, 10, 22) self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['send_at'], "2022-10-21 18:00:00") # 00:00 UTC+6 == 18:00-1d UTC # POSIX timestamp self.message.send_at = 1651820889 # 2022-05-06 07:08:09 UTC self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['send_at'], "2022-05-06 07:08:09") # String passed unchanged (this is *not* portable between ESPs) self.message.send_at = "2013-11-12 01:02:03" self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['send_at'], "2013-11-12 01:02:03") def test_tags(self): self.message.tags = ["receipt", "repeat-user"] self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['message']['tags'], ["receipt", "repeat-user"]) def test_tracking(self): # Test one way... self.message.track_opens = True self.message.track_clicks = False self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['message']['track_opens'], True) self.assertEqual(data['message']['track_clicks'], False) # ...and the opposite way self.message.track_opens = False self.message.track_clicks = True self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['message']['track_opens'], False) self.assertEqual(data['message']['track_clicks'], True) def test_template_id(self): self.message.template_id = "welcome_template" self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assert_esp_called("/messages/send-template.json") # template requires different send API self.assertEqual(data['template_name'], "welcome_template") self.assertEqual(data['template_content'], []) # Mandrill requires this field with send-template def test_merge_data(self): self.message.to = ['alice@example.com', 'Bob '] # Mandrill template_id is not required to use merge. # You can just supply template content as the message (e.g.): self.message.body = "Hi *|name|*. Welcome to *|group|* at *|site|*." self.message.merge_data = { 'alice@example.com': {'name': "Alice", 'group': "Developers"}, 'bob@example.com': {'name': "Bob"}, # and leave :group undefined } self.message.merge_global_data = { 'group': "Users", 'site': "ExampleCo", } self.message.send() self.assert_esp_called("/messages/send.json") # didn't specify template_id, so use normal send data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertCountEqual(data['message']['merge_vars'], [ {'rcpt': "alice@example.com", 'vars': [ {'name': "group", 'content': "Developers"}, {'name': "name", 'content': "Alice"} ]}, {'rcpt': "bob@example.com", 'vars': [ {'name': "name", 'content': "Bob"} ]}, ]) self.assertCountEqual(data['message']['global_merge_vars'], [ {'name': "group", 'content': "Users"}, {'name': "site", 'content': "ExampleCo"}, ]) self.assertEqual(data['message']['preserve_recipients'], False) # we force with merge_data def test_missing_from(self): """Make sure a missing from_email omits from* from API call. (Allows use of from email/name from template) """ # You must set from_email=None after constructing the EmailMessage # (or you will end up with Django's settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL instead) self.message.from_email = None self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertNotIn('from_email', data['message']) self.assertNotIn('from_name', data['message']) def test_missing_subject(self): """Make sure a missing subject omits subject from API call. (Allows use of template subject) """ self.message.subject = None self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertNotIn('subject', data['message']) def test_esp_extra(self): self.message.esp_extra = { 'ip_pool': 'Bulk Pool', # Mandrill send param that goes at top level of API payload 'message': { 'subaccount': 'Marketing Dept.' # param that goes within message dict } } self.message.tags = ['test-tag'] # make sure non-esp_extra params are merged self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertEqual(data['ip_pool'], 'Bulk Pool') self.assertEqual(data['message']['subaccount'], 'Marketing Dept.') self.assertEqual(data['message']['tags'], ['test-tag']) def test_esp_extra_recipient_metadata(self): """Anymail allows pythonic recipient_metadata dict""" self.message.esp_extra = {'message': {'recipient_metadata': { # Anymail expands simple python dicts into the more-verbose # rcpt/values lists the Mandrill API uses "customer@example.com": {'cust_id': "67890", 'order_id': "54321"}, "guest@example.com": {'cust_id': "94107", 'order_id': "43215"}, }}} self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertCountEqual(data['message']['recipient_metadata'], [ {'rcpt': "customer@example.com", 'values': {'cust_id': "67890", 'order_id': "54321"}}, {'rcpt': "guest@example.com", 'values': {'cust_id': "94107", 'order_id': "43215"}}]) # You can also just supply it in Mandrill's native form self.message.esp_extra = {'message': {'recipient_metadata': [ {'rcpt': "customer@example.com", 'values': {'cust_id': "80806", 'order_id': "70701"}}, {'rcpt': "guest@example.com", 'values': {'cust_id': "21212", 'order_id': "10305"}}]}} self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertCountEqual(data['message']['recipient_metadata'], [ {'rcpt': "customer@example.com", 'values': {'cust_id': "80806", 'order_id': "70701"}}, {'rcpt': "guest@example.com", 'values': {'cust_id': "21212", 'order_id': "10305"}}]) def test_esp_extra_template_content(self): """Anymail allows pythonic template_content dict""" self.message.template_id = "welcome_template" # forces send-template API and default template_content self.message.esp_extra = {'template_content': { # Anymail expands simple python dicts into the more-verbose name/content # structures the Mandrill API uses 'HEADLINE': "

Specials Just For *|FNAME|*

", 'OFFER_BLOCK': "

Half off all fruit

", }} self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertCountEqual(data['template_content'], [ {'name': "HEADLINE", 'content': "

Specials Just For *|FNAME|*

"}, {'name': "OFFER_BLOCK", 'content': "

Half off all fruit

"}]) # You can also just supply it in Mandrill's native form self.message.esp_extra = {'template_content': [ {'name': "HEADLINE", 'content': "

Exciting offers for *|FNAME|*

"}, {'name': "OFFER_BLOCK", 'content': "

25% off all fruit

"}]} self.message.send() data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertCountEqual(data['template_content'], [ {'name': "HEADLINE", 'content': "

Exciting offers for *|FNAME|*

"}, {'name': "OFFER_BLOCK", 'content': "

25% off all fruit

"}]) def test_default_omits_options(self): """Make sure by default we don't send any ESP-specific options. Options not specified by the caller should be omitted entirely from the API call (*not* sent as False or empty). This ensures that your ESP account settings apply by default. """ self.message.send() self.assert_esp_called("/messages/send.json") data = self.get_api_call_json() self.assertNotIn('global_merge_vars', data['message']) self.assertNotIn('merge_vars', data['message']) self.assertNotIn('metadata', data['message']) self.assertNotIn('send_at', data) self.assertNotIn('tags', data['message']) self.assertNotIn('template_content', data['message']) self.assertNotIn('template_name', data['message']) self.assertNotIn('track_clicks', data['message']) self.assertNotIn('track_opens', data['message']) # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences def test_send_attaches_anymail_status(self): """ The anymail_status should be attached to the message when it is sent """ response_content = b'[{"email": "to1@example.com", "status": "sent", "_id": "abc123"}]' self.set_mock_response(raw=response_content) msg = mail.EmailMessage('Subject', 'Message', 'from@example.com', ['to1@example.com'],) sent = msg.send() self.assertEqual(sent, 1) self.assertEqual(msg.anymail_status.status, {'sent'}) self.assertEqual(msg.anymail_status.message_id, 'abc123') self.assertEqual(msg.anymail_status.recipients['to1@example.com'].status, 'sent') self.assertEqual(msg.anymail_status.recipients['to1@example.com'].message_id, 'abc123') self.assertEqual(msg.anymail_status.esp_response.content, response_content) # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences def test_send_failed_anymail_status(self): """ If the send fails, anymail_status should contain initial values""" self.set_mock_response(status_code=500) sent = self.message.send(fail_silently=True) self.assertEqual(sent, 0) self.assertIsNone(self.message.anymail_status.status) self.assertIsNone(self.message.anymail_status.message_id) self.assertEqual(self.message.anymail_status.recipients, {}) self.assertIsNone(self.message.anymail_status.esp_response) # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences def test_send_unparsable_response(self): """If the send succeeds, but a non-JSON API response, should raise an API exception""" mock_response = self.set_mock_response(status_code=200, raw=b"yikes, this isn't a real response") with self.assertRaises(AnymailAPIError): self.message.send() self.assertIsNone(self.message.anymail_status.status) self.assertIsNone(self.message.anymail_status.message_id) self.assertEqual(self.message.anymail_status.recipients, {}) self.assertEqual(self.message.anymail_status.esp_response, mock_response) def test_json_serialization_errors(self): """Try to provide more information about non-json-serializable data""" self.message.metadata = {'total': Decimal('19.99')} with self.assertRaises(AnymailSerializationError) as cm: self.message.send() print(self.get_api_call_data()) err = cm.exception self.assertIsInstance(err, TypeError) # compatibility with json.dumps self.assertIn("Don't know how to send this data to Mandrill", str(err)) # our added context self.assertRegex(str(err), r"Decimal.*is not JSON serializable") # original message class MandrillBackendRecipientsRefusedTests(MandrillBackendMockAPITestCase): """Should raise AnymailRecipientsRefused when *all* recipients are rejected or invalid""" def test_recipients_refused(self): msg = mail.EmailMessage('Subject', 'Body', 'from@example.com', ['invalid@localhost', 'reject@test.mandrillapp.com']) self.set_mock_response(raw=b"""[ {"email": "invalid@localhost", "status": "invalid"}, {"email": "reject@test.mandrillapp.com", "status": "rejected"} ]""") with self.assertRaises(AnymailRecipientsRefused): msg.send() def test_fail_silently(self): self.set_mock_response(raw=b"""[ {"email": "invalid@localhost", "status": "invalid"}, {"email": "reject@test.mandrillapp.com", "status": "rejected"} ]""") sent = mail.send_mail('Subject', 'Body', 'from@example.com', ['invalid@localhost', 'reject@test.mandrillapp.com'], fail_silently=True) self.assertEqual(sent, 0) def test_mixed_response(self): """If *any* recipients are valid or queued, no exception is raised""" msg = mail.EmailMessage('Subject', 'Body', 'from@example.com', ['invalid@localhost', 'valid@example.com', 'reject@test.mandrillapp.com', 'also.valid@example.com']) self.set_mock_response(raw=b"""[ {"email": "invalid@localhost", "status": "invalid"}, {"email": "valid@example.com", "status": "sent"}, {"email": "reject@test.mandrillapp.com", "status": "rejected"}, {"email": "also.valid@example.com", "status": "queued"} ]""") sent = msg.send() self.assertEqual(sent, 1) # one message sent, successfully, to 2 of 4 recipients status = msg.anymail_status self.assertEqual(status.recipients['invalid@localhost'].status, 'invalid') self.assertEqual(status.recipients['valid@example.com'].status, 'sent') self.assertEqual(status.recipients['reject@test.mandrillapp.com'].status, 'rejected') self.assertEqual(status.recipients['also.valid@example.com'].status, 'queued') @override_settings(ANYMAIL_IGNORE_RECIPIENT_STATUS=True) def test_settings_override(self): """No exception with ignore setting""" self.set_mock_response(raw=b"""[ {"email": "invalid@localhost", "status": "invalid"}, {"email": "reject@test.mandrillapp.com", "status": "rejected"} ]""") sent = mail.send_mail('Subject', 'Body', 'from@example.com', ['invalid@localhost', 'reject@test.mandrillapp.com']) self.assertEqual(sent, 1) # refused message is included in sent count class MandrillBackendSessionSharingTestCase(SessionSharingTestCasesMixin, MandrillBackendMockAPITestCase): """Requests session sharing tests""" pass # tests are defined in the mixin @override_settings(EMAIL_BACKEND="anymail.backends.mandrill.EmailBackend") class MandrillBackendImproperlyConfiguredTests(SimpleTestCase, AnymailTestMixin): """Test backend without required settings""" def test_missing_api_key(self): with self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured) as cm: mail.send_mail('Subject', 'Message', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com']) errmsg = str(cm.exception) self.assertRegex(errmsg, r'\bMANDRILL_API_KEY\b') self.assertRegex(errmsg, r'\bANYMAIL_MANDRILL_API_KEY\b') class MandrillBackendDeprecationTests(MandrillBackendMockAPITestCase): @override_settings(EMAIL_BACKEND='anymail.backends.mandrill.MandrillBackend') def test_renamed_backend_warning(self): # ...mandrill.MandrillBackend --> ...mandrill.EmailBackend with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, r'anymail\.backends\.mandrill\.EmailBackend'): self.message.send()