diff --git a/src/components/admin/BanUserDialog.tsx b/src/components/admin/BanUserDialog.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70143c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/admin/BanUserDialog.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+import { useState } from 'react';
+import { Ban, UserCheck } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
+import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod';
+import * as z from 'zod';
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
+import {
+  Dialog,
+  DialogContent,
+  DialogDescription,
+  DialogFooter,
+  DialogHeader,
+  DialogTitle,
+  DialogTrigger,
+} from '@/components/ui/dialog';
+import {
+  Form,
+  FormControl,
+  FormDescription,
+  FormField,
+  FormItem,
+  FormLabel,
+  FormMessage,
+} from '@/components/ui/form';
+import {
+  Select,
+  SelectContent,
+  SelectItem,
+  SelectTrigger,
+  SelectValue,
+} from '@/components/ui/select';
+import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea';
+import { Alert, AlertDescription } from '@/components/ui/alert';
+
+const BAN_REASONS = [
+  { value: 'spam', label: 'Spam or advertising' },
+  { value: 'harassment', label: 'Harassment or bullying' },
+  { value: 'inappropriate_content', label: 'Inappropriate content' },
+  { value: 'violation_tos', label: 'Terms of Service violation' },
+  { value: 'abuse', label: 'Abuse of platform features' },
+  { value: 'fake_info', label: 'Posting false information' },
+  { value: 'copyright', label: 'Copyright infringement' },
+  { value: 'multiple_accounts', label: 'Multiple account abuse' },
+  { value: 'other', label: 'Other (specify below)' }
+] as const;
+
+const BAN_DURATIONS = [
+  { value: '1', label: '1 Day', days: 1 },
+  { value: '7', label: '7 Days (1 Week)', days: 7 },
+  { value: '30', label: '30 Days (1 Month)', days: 30 },
+  { value: '90', label: '90 Days (3 Months)', days: 90 },
+  { value: 'permanent', label: 'Permanent', days: null }
+] as const;
+
+const banFormSchema = z.object({
+  reason_type: z.enum([
+    'spam', 
+    'harassment', 
+    'inappropriate_content', 
+    'violation_tos', 
+    'abuse', 
+    'fake_info', 
+    'copyright', 
+    'multiple_accounts', 
+    'other'
+  ]),
+  custom_reason: z.string().max(500).optional(),
+  duration: z.enum(['1', '7', '30', '90', 'permanent'])
+}).refine(
+  (data) => data.reason_type !== 'other' || (data.custom_reason && data.custom_reason.trim().length > 0),
+  {
+    message: "Please provide a custom reason",
+    path: ["custom_reason"]
+  }
+);
+
+type BanFormValues = z.infer<typeof banFormSchema>;
+
+interface BanUserDialogProps {
+  profile: {
+    user_id: string;
+    username: string;
+    banned: boolean;
+  };
+  onBanComplete: () => void;
+  onBanUser: (userId: string, ban: boolean, reason?: string, expiresAt?: Date | null) => Promise<void>;
+  disabled?: boolean;
+}
+
+export function BanUserDialog({ profile, onBanComplete, onBanUser, disabled }: BanUserDialogProps) {
+  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [isSubmitting, setIsSubmitting] = useState(false);
+
+  const form = useForm<BanFormValues>({
+    resolver: zodResolver(banFormSchema),
+    defaultValues: {
+      reason_type: 'violation_tos',
+      custom_reason: '',
+      duration: '7'
+    }
+  });
+
+  const watchReasonType = form.watch('reason_type');
+  const watchDuration = form.watch('duration');
+
+  const onSubmit = async (values: BanFormValues) => {
+    setIsSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      // Construct the ban reason
+      let banReason: string;
+      if (values.reason_type === 'other' && values.custom_reason) {
+        banReason = values.custom_reason.trim();
+      } else {
+        const selectedReason = BAN_REASONS.find(r => r.value === values.reason_type);
+        banReason = selectedReason?.label || 'Policy violation';
+      }
+
+      // Calculate expiration date
+      let expiresAt: Date | null = null;
+      if (values.duration !== 'permanent') {
+        const durationConfig = BAN_DURATIONS.find(d => d.value === values.duration);
+        if (durationConfig?.days) {
+          expiresAt = new Date();
+          expiresAt.setDate(expiresAt.getDate() + durationConfig.days);
+        }
+      }
+
+      await onBanUser(profile.user_id, true, banReason, expiresAt);
+      setOpen(false);
+      form.reset();
+      onBanComplete();
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Error handling is done by the parent component
+    } finally {
+      setIsSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const handleUnban = async () => {
+    setIsSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      await onBanUser(profile.user_id, false);
+      setOpen(false);
+      onBanComplete();
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Error handling is done by the parent component
+    } finally {
+      setIsSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  // For unbanning, use simpler dialog
+  if (profile.banned) {
+    return (
+      <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
+        <DialogTrigger asChild>
+          <Button variant="outline" size="sm" disabled={disabled}>
+            <UserCheck className="w-4 h-4 mr-2" />
+            Unban
+          </Button>
+        </DialogTrigger>
+        <DialogContent>
+          <DialogHeader>
+            <DialogTitle>Unban User</DialogTitle>
+            <DialogDescription>
+              Are you sure you want to unban @{profile.username}? They will be able to access the application again.
+            </DialogDescription>
+          </DialogHeader>
+          <DialogFooter>
+            <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => setOpen(false)} disabled={isSubmitting}>
+              Cancel
+            </Button>
+            <Button onClick={handleUnban} disabled={isSubmitting}>
+              {isSubmitting ? 'Unbanning...' : 'Unban User'}
+            </Button>
+          </DialogFooter>
+        </DialogContent>
+      </Dialog>
+    );
+  }
+
+  // For banning, use detailed form
+  return (
+    <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
+      <DialogTrigger asChild>
+        <Button variant="destructive" size="sm" disabled={disabled}>
+          <Ban className="w-4 h-4 mr-2" />
+          Ban
+        </Button>
+      </DialogTrigger>
+      <DialogContent className="max-w-2xl max-h-[90vh] overflow-y-auto">
+        <DialogHeader>
+          <DialogTitle>Ban User</DialogTitle>
+          <DialogDescription>
+            Ban @{profile.username} from accessing the application. You must provide a reason and duration.
+          </DialogDescription>
+        </DialogHeader>
+
+        <Form {...form}>
+          <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className="space-y-6">
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name="reason_type"
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>Ban Reason</FormLabel>
+                  <Select onValueChange={field.onChange} defaultValue={field.value}>
+                    <FormControl>
+                      <SelectTrigger>
+                        <SelectValue placeholder="Select a reason" />
+                      </SelectTrigger>
+                    </FormControl>
+                    <SelectContent>
+                      {BAN_REASONS.map((reason) => (
+                        <SelectItem key={reason.value} value={reason.value}>
+                          {reason.label}
+                        </SelectItem>
+                      ))}
+                    </SelectContent>
+                  </Select>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    Choose the primary reason for this ban
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            {watchReasonType === 'other' && (
+              <FormField
+                control={form.control}
+                name="custom_reason"
+                render={({ field }) => (
+                  <FormItem>
+                    <FormLabel>Custom Reason</FormLabel>
+                    <FormControl>
+                      <Textarea
+                        placeholder="Provide a detailed reason for the ban..."
+                        className="min-h-[100px] resize-none"
+                        maxLength={500}
+                        {...field}
+                      />
+                    </FormControl>
+                    <FormDescription>
+                      {field.value?.length || 0}/500 characters
+                    </FormDescription>
+                    <FormMessage />
+                  </FormItem>
+                )}
+              />
+            )}
+
+            <FormField
+              control={form.control}
+              name="duration"
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <FormItem>
+                  <FormLabel>Ban Duration</FormLabel>
+                  <Select onValueChange={field.onChange} defaultValue={field.value}>
+                    <FormControl>
+                      <SelectTrigger>
+                        <SelectValue placeholder="Select duration" />
+                      </SelectTrigger>
+                    </FormControl>
+                    <SelectContent>
+                      {BAN_DURATIONS.map((duration) => (
+                        <SelectItem key={duration.value} value={duration.value}>
+                          {duration.label}
+                        </SelectItem>
+                      ))}
+                    </SelectContent>
+                  </Select>
+                  <FormDescription>
+                    How long should this ban last?
+                  </FormDescription>
+                  <FormMessage />
+                </FormItem>
+              )}
+            />
+
+            <Alert>
+              <AlertDescription>
+                <strong>User will see:</strong> Your account has been suspended. Reason:{' '}
+                {watchReasonType === 'other' && form.getValues('custom_reason') 
+                  ? form.getValues('custom_reason')
+                  : BAN_REASONS.find(r => r.value === watchReasonType)?.label || 'Policy violation'}
+                .{' '}
+                {watchDuration === 'permanent' 
+                  ? 'This is a permanent ban.'
+                  : `This ban will expire in ${BAN_DURATIONS.find(d => d.value === watchDuration)?.label.toLowerCase()}.`}
+              </AlertDescription>
+            </Alert>
+
+            <DialogFooter>
+              <Button 
+                type="button" 
+                variant="outline" 
+                onClick={() => setOpen(false)} 
+                disabled={isSubmitting}
+              >
+                Cancel
+              </Button>
+              <Button type="submit" variant="destructive" disabled={isSubmitting}>
+                {isSubmitting ? 'Banning...' : 'Ban User'}
+              </Button>
+            </DialogFooter>
+          </form>
+        </Form>
+      </DialogContent>
+    </Dialog>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/src/components/admin/index.ts b/src/components/admin/index.ts
index c9642531..b24ec5fe 100644
--- a/src/components/admin/index.ts
+++ b/src/components/admin/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Admin components barrel exports
 export { AdminPageLayout } from './AdminPageLayout';
+export { BanUserDialog } from './BanUserDialog';
 export { DesignerForm } from './DesignerForm';
 export { HeadquartersLocationInput } from './HeadquartersLocationInput';
 export { LocationSearch } from './LocationSearch';
diff --git a/src/components/moderation/ProfileManager.tsx b/src/components/moderation/ProfileManager.tsx
index fe2e5ab6..cdd5782a 100644
--- a/src/components/moderation/ProfileManager.tsx
+++ b/src/components/moderation/ProfileManager.tsx
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
-import { Search, Ban, Shield, UserCheck, UserX, AlertTriangle, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Search, Shield, Trash2, Ban, AlertTriangle } from 'lucide-react';
 import { supabase } from '@/integrations/supabase/client';
 import { useAuth } from '@/hooks/useAuth';
 import { useUserRole, UserRole } from '@/hooks/useUserRole';
 import { useSuperuserGuard } from '@/hooks/useSuperuserGuard';
 import { AdminUserDeletionDialog } from '@/components/admin/AdminUserDeletionDialog';
-import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
+import { BanUserDialog } from '@/components/admin/BanUserDialog';
+import { Card, CardContent } from '@/components/ui/card';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Badge } from '@/components/ui/badge';
 import { Select, SelectContent, SelectItem, SelectTrigger, SelectValue } from '@/components/ui/select';
-import { AlertDialog, AlertDialogAction, AlertDialogCancel, AlertDialogContent, AlertDialogDescription, AlertDialogFooter, AlertDialogHeader, AlertDialogTitle, AlertDialogTrigger } from '@/components/ui/alert-dialog';
 import { Avatar, AvatarFallback, AvatarImage } from '@/components/ui/avatar';
 import { handleError, handleSuccess, getErrorMessage } from '@/lib/errorHandler';
 import { logger } from '@/lib/logger';
@@ -83,15 +83,32 @@ export function ProfileManager() {
     }
   };
 
-  const handleBanUser = async (targetUserId: string, ban: boolean) => {
+  const handleBanUser = async (
+    targetUserId: string, 
+    ban: boolean,
+    banReason?: string,
+    banExpiresAt?: Date | null
+  ) => {
     if (!user || !permissions) return;
 
     setActionLoading(targetUserId);
     try {
+      // Prepare update data
+      const updateData: any = { banned: ban };
+      
+      if (ban && banReason) {
+        updateData.ban_reason = banReason;
+        updateData.ban_expires_at = banExpiresAt;
+      } else if (!ban) {
+        // Clear ban data when unbanning
+        updateData.ban_reason = null;
+        updateData.ban_expires_at = null;
+      }
+
       // Update banned status
       const { error: updateError } = await supabase
         .from('profiles')
-        .update({ banned: ban })
+        .update(updateData)
         .eq('user_id', targetUserId);
 
       if (updateError) throw updateError;
@@ -102,7 +119,11 @@ export function ProfileManager() {
           _admin_user_id: user.id,
           _target_user_id: targetUserId,
           _action: ban ? 'ban_user' : 'unban_user',
-          _details: { banned: ban }
+          _details: { 
+            banned: ban,
+            ban_reason: banReason,
+            ban_expires_at: banExpiresAt?.toISOString()
+          }
         });
 
       if (logError) logger.error('Failed to log admin action', { error: getErrorMessage(logError) });
@@ -120,7 +141,7 @@ export function ProfileManager() {
       handleError(error, {
         action: `${ban ? 'Ban' : 'Unban'} User`,
         userId: user?.id,
-        metadata: { targetUserId, ban }
+        metadata: { targetUserId, ban, banReason, banExpiresAt }
       });
     } finally {
       setActionLoading(null);
@@ -363,47 +384,12 @@ export function ProfileManager() {
                     <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                       {/* Ban/Unban Button */}
                       {canManageUser(profile) && permissions.can_ban_any_user && (
-                        <AlertDialog>
-                          <AlertDialogTrigger asChild>
-                            <Button
-                              variant={profile.banned ? "outline" : "destructive"}
-                              size="sm"
-                              disabled={actionLoading === profile.user_id}
-                            >
-                              {profile.banned ? (
-                                <>
-                                  <UserCheck className="w-4 h-4 mr-2" />
-                                  Unban
-                                </>
-                              ) : (
-                                <>
-                                  <UserX className="w-4 h-4 mr-2" />
-                                  Ban
-                                </>
-                              )}
-                            </Button>
-                          </AlertDialogTrigger>
-                          <AlertDialogContent>
-                            <AlertDialogHeader>
-                              <AlertDialogTitle>
-                                {profile.banned ? 'Unban' : 'Ban'} User
-                              </AlertDialogTitle>
-                              <AlertDialogDescription>
-                                Are you sure you want to {profile.banned ? 'unban' : 'ban'} {profile.username}?
-                                {!profile.banned && ' This will prevent them from accessing the application.'}
-                              </AlertDialogDescription>
-                            </AlertDialogHeader>
-                            <AlertDialogFooter>
-                              <AlertDialogCancel>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
-                              <AlertDialogAction
-                                onClick={() => handleBanUser(profile.user_id, !profile.banned)}
-                                className={profile.banned ? "" : "bg-destructive hover:bg-destructive/90"}
-                              >
-                                {profile.banned ? 'Unban' : 'Ban'} User
-                              </AlertDialogAction>
-                            </AlertDialogFooter>
-                          </AlertDialogContent>
-                        </AlertDialog>
+                        <BanUserDialog
+                          profile={profile}
+                          onBanComplete={fetchProfiles}
+                          onBanUser={handleBanUser}
+                          disabled={actionLoading === profile.user_id}
+                        />
                       )}
 
                       {/* Delete User Button - Superusers Only */}
diff --git a/src/hooks/useBanCheck.ts b/src/hooks/useBanCheck.ts
index 1ce81dc4..0089d004 100644
--- a/src/hooks/useBanCheck.ts
+++ b/src/hooks/useBanCheck.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export function useBanCheck() {
       try {
         const { data: profile } = await supabase
           .from('profiles')
-          .select('banned, ban_reason')
+          .select('banned, ban_reason, ban_expires_at')
           .eq('user_id', user.id)
           .single();
 
@@ -33,10 +33,21 @@ export function useBanCheck() {
           const reason = profile.ban_reason 
             ? `Reason: ${profile.ban_reason}`
             : 'Contact support for assistance.';
+          
+          // Add expiration info
+          let expirationText = '';
+          if (profile.ban_expires_at) {
+            const expiresAt = new Date(profile.ban_expires_at);
+            const now = new Date();
+            const daysLeft = Math.ceil((expiresAt.getTime() - now.getTime()) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
+            expirationText = ` This ban will expire in ${daysLeft} day${daysLeft !== 1 ? 's' : ''}.`;
+          } else {
+            expirationText = ' This is a permanent ban.';
+          }
             
           toast({
             title: 'Account Suspended',
-            description: `Your account has been suspended. ${reason}`,
+            description: `Your account has been suspended. ${reason}${expirationText}`,
             variant: 'destructive',
             duration: Infinity // Don't auto-dismiss
           });
@@ -65,7 +76,7 @@ export function useBanCheck() {
           filter: `user_id=eq.${user.id}`
         },
         (payload) => {
-          const newProfile = payload.new as { banned: boolean; ban_reason: string | null };
+          const newProfile = payload.new as { banned: boolean; ban_reason: string | null; ban_expires_at: string | null };
           
           // Handle BAN event
           if (newProfile.banned && !isBanned) {
@@ -75,10 +86,21 @@ export function useBanCheck() {
             const reason = newProfile.ban_reason 
               ? `Reason: ${newProfile.ban_reason}`
               : 'Contact support for assistance.';
+            
+            // Add expiration info
+            let expirationText = '';
+            if (newProfile.ban_expires_at) {
+              const expiresAt = new Date(newProfile.ban_expires_at);
+              const now = new Date();
+              const daysLeft = Math.ceil((expiresAt.getTime() - now.getTime()) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
+              expirationText = ` This ban will expire in ${daysLeft} day${daysLeft !== 1 ? 's' : ''}.`;
+            } else {
+              expirationText = ' This is a permanent ban.';
+            }
               
             toast({
               title: 'Account Suspended',
-              description: `Your account has been suspended. ${reason}`,
+              description: `Your account has been suspended. ${reason}${expirationText}`,
               variant: 'destructive',
               duration: Infinity
             });
diff --git a/src/integrations/supabase/types.ts b/src/integrations/supabase/types.ts
index d873a886..e27922c0 100644
--- a/src/integrations/supabase/types.ts
+++ b/src/integrations/supabase/types.ts
@@ -1952,6 +1952,7 @@ export type Database = {
         Row: {
           avatar_image_id: string | null
           avatar_url: string | null
+          ban_expires_at: string | null
           ban_reason: string | null
           banned: boolean
           bio: string | null
@@ -1984,6 +1985,7 @@ export type Database = {
         Insert: {
           avatar_image_id?: string | null
           avatar_url?: string | null
+          ban_expires_at?: string | null
           ban_reason?: string | null
           banned?: boolean
           bio?: string | null
@@ -2016,6 +2018,7 @@ export type Database = {
         Update: {
           avatar_image_id?: string | null
           avatar_url?: string | null
+          ban_expires_at?: string | null
           ban_reason?: string | null
           banned?: boolean
           bio?: string | null
diff --git a/supabase/config.toml b/supabase/config.toml
index 9cb6ef3c..54d81fd5 100644
--- a/supabase/config.toml
+++ b/supabase/config.toml
@@ -61,4 +61,7 @@ verify_jwt = true
 verify_jwt = true
 
 [functions.receive-inbound-email]
+verify_jwt = false
+
+[functions.process-expired-bans]
 verify_jwt = false
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/supabase/functions/process-expired-bans/index.ts b/supabase/functions/process-expired-bans/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..79119505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/supabase/functions/process-expired-bans/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import { createClient } from 'https://esm.sh/@supabase/supabase-js@2.57.4';
+import { corsHeaders } from '../_shared/cors.ts';
+
+Deno.serve(async (req) => {
+  // Handle CORS preflight
+  if (req.method === 'OPTIONS') {
+    return new Response(null, { headers: corsHeaders });
+  }
+
+  try {
+    // Create admin client
+    const supabaseAdmin = createClient(
+      Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_URL')!,
+      Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY')!,
+      {
+        auth: {
+          autoRefreshToken: false,
+          persistSession: false
+        }
+      }
+    );
+
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+
+    // Find expired bans
+    const { data: expiredBans, error: fetchError } = await supabaseAdmin
+      .from('profiles')
+      .select('user_id, username, ban_reason, ban_expires_at')
+      .eq('banned', true)
+      .not('ban_expires_at', 'is', null)
+      .lte('ban_expires_at', now);
+
+    if (fetchError) {
+      console.error('Error fetching expired bans:', fetchError);
+      throw fetchError;
+    }
+
+    console.log(`Found ${expiredBans?.length || 0} expired bans to process`);
+
+    // Unban users with expired bans
+    const unbannedUsers: string[] = [];
+    for (const profile of expiredBans || []) {
+      console.log(`Unbanning user: ${profile.username} (${profile.user_id})`);
+      
+      const { error: unbanError } = await supabaseAdmin
+        .from('profiles')
+        .update({ 
+          banned: false, 
+          ban_reason: null,
+          ban_expires_at: null 
+        })
+        .eq('user_id', profile.user_id);
+
+      if (unbanError) {
+        console.error(`Failed to unban ${profile.username}:`, unbanError);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Log the automatic unban
+      const { error: logError } = await supabaseAdmin
+        .rpc('log_admin_action', {
+          _admin_user_id: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000', // System user ID
+          _target_user_id: profile.user_id,
+          _action: 'auto_unban',
+          _details: { 
+            reason: 'Ban expired',
+            original_ban_reason: profile.ban_reason,
+            expired_at: profile.ban_expires_at 
+          }
+        });
+
+      if (logError) {
+        console.error(`Failed to log auto-unban for ${profile.username}:`, logError);
+      }
+
+      unbannedUsers.push(profile.username);
+    }
+
+    console.log(`Successfully unbanned ${unbannedUsers.length} users`);
+
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify({ 
+        success: true,
+        unbanned_count: unbannedUsers.length,
+        unbanned_users: unbannedUsers,
+        processed_at: now
+      }),
+      { 
+        headers: { ...corsHeaders, 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        status: 200 
+      }
+    );
+
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Error in process-expired-bans:', error);
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify({ 
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error',
+        success: false 
+      }),
+      { 
+        headers: { ...corsHeaders, 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        status: 500 
+      }
+    );
+  }
+});
diff --git a/supabase/migrations/20251030120117_ba8dcb4e-b12c-4f86-9a71-61e752a280ca.sql b/supabase/migrations/20251030120117_ba8dcb4e-b12c-4f86-9a71-61e752a280ca.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..64f4a131
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+++ b/supabase/migrations/20251030120117_ba8dcb4e-b12c-4f86-9a71-61e752a280ca.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-- Add ban expiration tracking
+ALTER TABLE public.profiles 
+ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS ban_expires_at timestamptz;
+
+COMMENT ON COLUMN public.profiles.ban_expires_at IS 
+'When the ban expires (null = permanent ban). Automatic unbanning is handled by a scheduled edge function.';
+
+-- Update existing banned users to have a default ban reason
+UPDATE public.profiles
+SET ban_reason = 'No reason provided (legacy ban)'
+WHERE banned = true AND (ban_reason IS NULL OR ban_reason = '');
+
+-- Add constraint to require ban_reason when banned
+ALTER TABLE public.profiles 
+ADD CONSTRAINT ban_reason_required 
+CHECK (
+  (banned = true AND ban_reason IS NOT NULL AND ban_reason != '') 
+  OR 
+  (banned = false)
+);
+
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT ban_reason_required ON public.profiles IS 
+'Ensures that a ban reason must be provided when banning a user';
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