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# Copyright (C) 2015 JWCrypto Project Contributors - see LICENSE file
import copy
import time
import uuid
from typing_extensions import deprecated
from jwcrypto.common import JWException, JWKeyNotFound
from jwcrypto.common import json_decode, json_encode
from jwcrypto.jwe import JWE
from jwcrypto.jwe import default_allowed_algs as jwe_algs
from jwcrypto.jwk import JWK, JWKSet
from jwcrypto.jws import JWS
from jwcrypto.jws import default_allowed_algs as jws_algs
# RFC 7519 - 4.1
# name: description
JWTClaimsRegistry = {'iss': 'Issuer',
'sub': 'Subject',
'aud': 'Audience',
'exp': 'Expiration Time',
'nbf': 'Not Before',
'iat': 'Issued At',
'jti': 'JWT ID'}
"""Registry of RFC 7519 defined claims"""
# do not use this unless you know about CVE-2022-3102
JWT_expect_type = True
"""This module parameter can disable the use of the expectation
feature that has been introduced to fix CVE-2022-3102. This knob
has been added as a workaround for applications that can't be
immediately refactored to deal with the change in behavior but it
is considered deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
"""
class JWTExpired(JWException):
"""JSON Web Token is expired.
This exception is raised when a token is expired according to its claims.
"""
def __init__(self, message=None, exception=None):
msg = None
if message:
msg = str(message)
else:
msg = 'Token expired'
if exception:
msg += ' {%s}' % str(exception)
super(JWTExpired, self).__init__(msg)
class JWTNotYetValid(JWException):
"""JSON Web Token is not yet valid.
This exception is raised when a token is not valid yet according to its
claims.
"""
def __init__(self, message=None, exception=None):
msg = None
if message:
msg = str(message)
else:
msg = 'Token not yet valid'
if exception:
msg += ' {%s}' % str(exception)
super(JWTNotYetValid, self).__init__(msg)
class JWTMissingClaim(JWException):
"""JSON Web Token claim is invalid.
This exception is raised when a claim does not match the expected value.
"""
def __init__(self, message=None, exception=None):
msg = None
if message:
msg = str(message)
else:
msg = 'Invalid Claim Value'
if exception:
msg += ' {%s}' % str(exception)
super(JWTMissingClaim, self).__init__(msg)
class JWTInvalidClaimValue(JWException):
"""JSON Web Token claim is invalid.
This exception is raised when a claim does not match the expected value.
"""
def __init__(self, message=None, exception=None):
msg = None
if message:
msg = str(message)
else:
msg = 'Invalid Claim Value'
if exception:
msg += ' {%s}' % str(exception)
super(JWTInvalidClaimValue, self).__init__(msg)
class JWTInvalidClaimFormat(JWException):
"""JSON Web Token claim format is invalid.
This exception is raised when a claim is not in a valid format.
"""
def __init__(self, message=None, exception=None):
msg = None
if message:
msg = str(message)
else:
msg = 'Invalid Claim Format'
if exception:
msg += ' {%s}' % str(exception)
super(JWTInvalidClaimFormat, self).__init__(msg)
@deprecated('')
class JWTMissingKeyID(JWException):
"""JSON Web Token is missing key id.
This exception is raised when trying to decode a JWT with a key set
that does not have a kid value in its header.
"""
def __init__(self, message=None, exception=None):
msg = None
if message:
msg = str(message)
else:
msg = 'Missing Key ID'
if exception:
msg += ' {%s}' % str(exception)
super(JWTMissingKeyID, self).__init__(msg)
class JWTMissingKey(JWKeyNotFound):
"""JSON Web Token is using a key not in the key set.
This exception is raised if the key that was used is not available
in the passed key set.
"""
def __init__(self, message=None, exception=None):
msg = None
if message:
msg = str(message)
else:
msg = 'Missing Key'
if exception:
msg += ' {%s}' % str(exception)
super(JWTMissingKey, self).__init__(msg)
class JWT:
"""JSON Web token object
This object represent a generic token.
"""
def __init__(self, header=None, claims=None, jwt=None, key=None,
algs=None, default_claims=None, check_claims=None,
expected_type=None):
"""Creates a JWT object.
:param header: A dict or a JSON string with the JWT Header data.
:param claims: A dict or a string with the JWT Claims data.
:param jwt: a 'raw' JWT token
:param key: A (:class:`jwcrypto.jwk.JWK`) key to deserialize
the token. A (:class:`jwcrypto.jwk.JWKSet`) can also be used.
:param algs: An optional list of allowed algorithms
:param default_claims: An optional dict with default values for
registered claims. A None value for NumericDate type claims
will cause generation according to system time. Only the values
from RFC 7519 - 4.1 are evaluated.
:param check_claims: An optional dict of claims that must be
present in the token, if the value is not None the claim must
match exactly.
:param expected_type: An optional string that defines what kind
of token to expect when validating a deserialized token.
Supported values: "JWS" or "JWE"
If left to None the code will try to detect what the expected
type is based on other parameters like 'algs' and will default
to JWS if no hints are found. It has no effect on token creation.
Note: either the header,claims or jwt,key parameters should be
provided as a deserialization operation (which occurs if the jwt
is provided) will wipe any header or claim provided by setting
those obtained from the deserialization of the jwt token.
Note: if check_claims is not provided the 'exp' and 'nbf' claims
are checked if they are set on the token but not enforced if not
set. Any other RFC 7519 registered claims are checked only for
format conformance.
"""
self._header = None
self._claims = None
self._token = None
self._algs = algs
self._reg_claims = None
self._check_claims = None
self._leeway = 60 # 1 minute clock skew allowed
self._validity = 600 # 10 minutes validity (up to 11 with leeway)
self.deserializelog = None
self._expected_type = expected_type
if header:
self.header = header
if default_claims is not None:
self._reg_claims = default_claims
if check_claims is not None:
if check_claims is not False:
self._check_check_claims(check_claims)
self._check_claims = check_claims
if claims is not None:
self.claims = claims
if jwt is not None:
self.deserialize(jwt, key)
@property
def header(self):
if self._header is None:
raise KeyError("'header' not set")
return self._header
@header.setter
def header(self, h):
if isinstance(h, dict):
eh = json_encode(h)
else:
eh = h
h = json_decode(eh)
if h.get('b64') is False:
raise ValueError("b64 header is invalid."
"JWTs cannot use unencoded payloads")
self._header = eh
@property
def claims(self):
if self._claims is None:
raise KeyError("'claims' not set")
return self._claims
@claims.setter
def claims(self, data):
if not isinstance(data, dict):
if not self._reg_claims:
# no default_claims, can return immediately
self._claims = data
return
data = json_decode(data)
else:
# _add_default_claims modifies its argument
# so we must always copy it.
data = copy.deepcopy(data)
self._add_default_claims(data)
self._claims = json_encode(data)
@property
def token(self):
return self._token
@token.setter
def token(self, t):
if isinstance(t, JWS) or isinstance(t, JWE) or isinstance(t, JWT):
self._token = t
else:
raise TypeError("Invalid token type, must be one of JWS,JWE,JWT")
@property
def leeway(self):
return self._leeway
@leeway.setter
def leeway(self, lwy):
self._leeway = int(lwy)
@property
def validity(self):
return self._validity
@validity.setter
def validity(self, v):
self._validity = int(v)
def _expected_type_heuristics(self, key=None):
if self._expected_type is None and self._algs:
if set(self._algs).issubset(jwe_algs + ['RSA1_5']):
self._expected_type = "JWE"
elif set(self._algs).issubset(jws_algs):
self._expected_type = "JWS"
if self._expected_type is None and self._header:
if "enc" in json_decode(self._header):
self._expected_type = "JWE"
if self._expected_type is None and key is not None:
if isinstance(key, JWK):
use = key.get('use')
if use == 'sig':
self._expected_type = "JWS"
elif use == 'enc':
self._expected_type = "JWE"
elif isinstance(key, JWKSet):
all_use = None
# we can infer only if all keys are of the same type
for k in key:
use = k.get('use')
if all_use is None:
all_use = use
elif use != all_use:
all_use = None
break
if all_use == 'sig':
self._expected_type = "JWS"
elif all_use == 'enc':
self._expected_type = "JWE"
if self._expected_type is None and key is not None:
if isinstance(key, JWK):
ops = key.get('key_ops')
if ops:
if not isinstance(ops, list):
ops = [ops]
if set(ops).issubset(['sign', 'verify']):
self._expected_type = "JWS"
elif set(ops).issubset(['encrypt', 'decrypt']):
self._expected_type = "JWE"
elif isinstance(key, JWKSet):
all_ops = None
ttype = None
# we can infer only if all keys are of the same type
for k in key:
ops = k.get('key_ops')
if ops:
if not isinstance(ops, list):
ops = [ops]
if all_ops is None:
if set(ops).issubset(['sign', 'verify']):
all_ops = set(['sign', 'verify'])
ttype = "JWS"
elif set(ops).issubset(['encrypt', 'decrypt']):
all_ops = set(['encrypt', 'decrypt'])
ttype = "JWE"
else:
ttype = None
break
else:
if not set(ops).issubset(all_ops):
ttype = None
break
elif all_ops:
ttype = None
break
if ttype:
self._expected_type = ttype
if self._expected_type is None:
self._expected_type = "JWS"
return self._expected_type
@property
def expected_type(self):
if self._expected_type is not None:
return self._expected_type
# If no expected type is set we default to accept only JWSs,
# however to improve backwards compatibility we try some
# heuristic to see if there has been strong indication of
# what the expected token type is.
return self._expected_type_heuristics()
@expected_type.setter
def expected_type(self, v):
if v in ["JWS", "JWE"]:
self._expected_type = v
else:
raise ValueError("Invalid value, must be 'JWS' or 'JWE'")
def _add_optional_claim(self, name, claims):
if name in claims:
return
val = self._reg_claims.get(name, None)
if val is not None:
claims[name] = val
def _add_time_claim(self, name, claims, defval):
if name in claims:
return
if name in self._reg_claims:
if self._reg_claims[name] is None:
claims[name] = defval
else:
claims[name] = self._reg_claims[name]
def _add_jti_claim(self, claims):
if 'jti' in claims or 'jti' not in self._reg_claims:
return
claims['jti'] = str(uuid.uuid4())
def _add_default_claims(self, claims):
if self._reg_claims is None:
return
now = int(time.time())
self._add_optional_claim('iss', claims)
self._add_optional_claim('sub', claims)
self._add_optional_claim('aud', claims)
self._add_time_claim('exp', claims, now + self.validity)
self._add_time_claim('nbf', claims, now)
self._add_time_claim('iat', claims, now)
self._add_jti_claim(claims)
def _check_string_claim(self, name, claims):
if name not in claims or claims[name] is None:
return
if not isinstance(claims[name], str):
raise JWTInvalidClaimFormat(
"Claim %s is not a StringOrURI type" % (name, ))
def _check_array_or_string_claim(self, name, claims):
if name not in claims or claims[name] is None:
return
if isinstance(claims[name], list):
if any(not isinstance(claim, str) for claim in claims):
raise JWTInvalidClaimFormat(
"Claim %s contains non StringOrURI types" % (name, ))
elif not isinstance(claims[name], str):
raise JWTInvalidClaimFormat(
"Claim %s is not a StringOrURI type" % (name, ))
def _check_integer_claim(self, name, claims):
if name not in claims or claims[name] is None:
return
try:
int(claims[name])
except ValueError as e:
raise JWTInvalidClaimFormat(
"Claim %s is not an integer" % (name, )) from e
def _check_exp(self, claim, limit, leeway):
if claim < limit - leeway:
raise JWTExpired('Expired at %d, time: %d(leeway: %d)' % (
claim, limit, leeway))
def _check_nbf(self, claim, limit, leeway):
if claim > limit + leeway:
raise JWTNotYetValid('Valid from %d, time: %d(leeway: %d)' % (
claim, limit, leeway))
def _check_default_claims(self, claims):
self._check_string_claim('iss', claims)
self._check_string_claim('sub', claims)
self._check_array_or_string_claim('aud', claims)
self._check_integer_claim('exp', claims)
self._check_integer_claim('nbf', claims)
self._check_integer_claim('iat', claims)
self._check_string_claim('jti', claims)
self._check_string_claim('typ', claims)
if self._check_claims is None:
if 'exp' in claims:
self._check_exp(claims['exp'], time.time(), self._leeway)
if 'nbf' in claims:
self._check_nbf(claims['nbf'], time.time(), self._leeway)
def _check_check_claims(self, check_claims):
self._check_string_claim('iss', check_claims)
self._check_string_claim('sub', check_claims)
self._check_array_or_string_claim('aud', check_claims)
self._check_integer_claim('exp', check_claims)
self._check_integer_claim('nbf', check_claims)
self._check_integer_claim('iat', check_claims)
self._check_string_claim('jti', check_claims)
self._check_string_claim('typ', check_claims)
def _check_provided_claims(self):
# check_claims can be set to False to skip any check
if self._check_claims is False:
return
try:
claims = json_decode(self.claims)
if not isinstance(claims, dict):
raise ValueError()
except ValueError as e:
if self._check_claims is not None:
raise JWTInvalidClaimFormat("Claims check requested "
"but claims is not a json "
"dict") from e
return
self._check_default_claims(claims)
if self._check_claims is None:
return
for name, value in self._check_claims.items():
if name not in claims:
raise JWTMissingClaim("Claim %s is missing" % (name, ))
if name in ['iss', 'sub', 'jti']:
if value is not None and value != claims[name]:
raise JWTInvalidClaimValue(
"Invalid '%s' value. Expected '%s' got '%s'" % (
name, value, claims[name]))
elif name == 'aud':
if value is not None:
if isinstance(claims[name], list):
tclaims = claims[name]
else:
tclaims = [claims[name]]
if isinstance(value, list):
cclaims = value
else:
cclaims = [value]
found = False
for v in cclaims:
if v in tclaims:
found = True
break
if not found:
raise JWTInvalidClaimValue(
"Invalid '{}' value. Expected '{}' in '{}'".format(
name, claims[name], value))
elif name == 'exp':
if value is not None:
self._check_exp(claims[name], value, 0)
else:
self._check_exp(claims[name], time.time(), self._leeway)
elif name == 'nbf':
if value is not None:
self._check_nbf(claims[name], value, 0)
else:
self._check_nbf(claims[name], time.time(), self._leeway)
elif name == 'typ':
if value is not None:
if self.norm_typ(value) != self.norm_typ(claims[name]):
raise JWTInvalidClaimValue("Invalid '%s' value. '%s'"
" does not normalize to "
"'%s'" % (name,
claims[name],
value))
else:
if value is not None and value != claims[name]:
raise JWTInvalidClaimValue(
"Invalid '%s' value. Expected '%s' got '%s'" % (
name, value, claims[name]))
def norm_typ(self, val):
lc = val.lower()
if '/' in lc:
return lc
else:
return 'application/' + lc
def make_signed_token(self, key):
"""Signs the payload.
Creates a JWS token with the header as the JWS protected header and
the claims as the payload. See (:class:`jwcrypto.jws.JWS`) for
details on the exceptions that may be raised.
:param key: A (:class:`jwcrypto.jwk.JWK`) key.
"""
t = JWS(self.claims)
if self._algs:
t.allowed_algs = self._algs
t.add_signature(key, protected=self.header)
self.token = t
self._expected_type = "JWS"
def make_encrypted_token(self, key):
"""Encrypts the payload.
Creates a JWE token with the header as the JWE protected header and
the claims as the plaintext. See (:class:`jwcrypto.jwe.JWE`) for
details on the exceptions that may be raised.
:param key: A (:class:`jwcrypto.jwk.JWK`) key.
"""
t = JWE(self.claims, self.header)
if self._algs:
t.allowed_algs = self._algs
t.add_recipient(key)
self.token = t
self._expected_type = "JWE"
def validate(self, key):
"""Validate a JWT token that was deserialized w/o providing a key
:param key: A (:class:`jwcrypto.jwk.JWK`) verification or
decryption key, or a (:class:`jwcrypto.jwk.JWKSet`) that
contains a key indexed by the 'kid' header.
"""
self.deserializelog = []
if self.token is None:
raise ValueError("Token empty")
et = self._expected_type_heuristics(key)
validate_fn = None
if isinstance(self.token, JWS):
if et != "JWS" and JWT_expect_type:
raise TypeError("Expected {}, got JWS".format(et))
validate_fn = self.token.verify
elif isinstance(self.token, JWE):
if et != "JWE" and JWT_expect_type:
raise TypeError("Expected {}, got JWE".format(et))
validate_fn = self.token.decrypt
else:
raise ValueError("Token format unrecognized")
try:
validate_fn(key)
self.deserializelog.append("Success")
except Exception as e: # pylint: disable=broad-except
if isinstance(self.token, JWS):
self.deserializelog = self.token.verifylog
elif isinstance(self.token, JWE):
self.deserializelog = self.token.decryptlog
self.deserializelog.append(
'Validation failed: [{}]'.format(repr(e)))
if isinstance(e, JWKeyNotFound):
raise JWTMissingKey() from e
raise
self.header = self.token.jose_header
payload = self.token.payload
if isinstance(payload, bytes):
payload = payload.decode('utf-8')
self.claims = payload
self._check_provided_claims()
def deserialize(self, jwt, key=None):
"""Deserialize a JWT token.
NOTE: Destroys any current status and tries to import the raw
token provided.
:param jwt: a 'raw' JWT token.
:param key: A (:class:`jwcrypto.jwk.JWK`) verification or
decryption key, or a (:class:`jwcrypto.jwk.JWKSet`) that
contains a key indexed by the 'kid' header.
"""
data = jwt.count('.')
if data == 2:
self.token = JWS()
elif data == 4:
self.token = JWE()
else:
raise ValueError("Token format unrecognized")
# Apply algs restrictions if any, before performing any operation
if self._algs:
self.token.allowed_algs = self._algs
self.deserializelog = None
# now deserialize and also decrypt/verify (or raise) if we
# have a key
self.token.deserialize(jwt, None)
if key:
self.validate(key)
def serialize(self, compact=True):
"""Serializes the object into a JWS token.
:param compact(boolean): must be True.
Note: the compact parameter is provided for general compatibility
with the serialize() functions of :class:`jwcrypto.jws.JWS` and
:class:`jwcrypto.jwe.JWE` so that these objects can all be used
interchangeably. However the only valid JWT representation is the
compact representation.
:return: A json formatted string or a compact representation string
:rtype: `str`
"""
if not compact:
raise ValueError("Only the compact serialization is allowed")
return self.token.serialize(compact)
@classmethod
def from_jose_token(cls, token):
"""Creates a JWT object from a serialized JWT token.
:param token: A string with the json or compat representation
of the token.
:raises InvalidJWEData or InvalidJWSObject: if the raw object is an
invalid JWT token.
:return: A JWT token
:rtype: JWT
"""
obj = cls()
obj.deserialize(token)
return obj
def __eq__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, JWT):
return False
return self._claims == other._claims and \
self._header == other._header and \
self.token == other.token
def __str__(self):
try:
return self.serialize()
except Exception: # pylint: disable=broad-except
return self.__repr__()
def __repr__(self):
jwt = repr(self.token)
return f'JWT(header={self._header}, ' + \
f'claims={self._claims}, ' + \
f'jwt={jwt}, ' + \
f'key=None, algs={self._algs}, ' + \
f'default_claims={self._reg_claims}, ' + \
f'check_claims={self._check_claims})'