feat: Refactor rides app with unique constraints, mixins, and enhanced documentation

- Added migration to convert unique_together constraints to UniqueConstraint for RideModel.
- Introduced RideFormMixin for handling entity suggestions in ride forms.
- Created comprehensive code standards documentation outlining formatting, docstring requirements, complexity guidelines, and testing requirements.
- Established error handling guidelines with a structured exception hierarchy and best practices for API and view error handling.
- Documented view pattern guidelines, emphasizing the use of CBVs, FBVs, and ViewSets with examples.
- Implemented a benchmarking script for query performance analysis and optimization.
- Developed security documentation detailing measures, configurations, and a security checklist.
- Compiled a database optimization guide covering indexing strategies, query optimization patterns, and computed fields.

backend/apps/moderation/management/commands/analyze_transitions.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ across all models using django-fsm-log.
 
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.db.models import Count, Avg, F
+from django.db.models.functions import TruncDate, ExtractHour
 from django.utils import timezone
 from datetime import timedelta
 from django_fsm_log.models import StateLog
@@ -148,9 +149,10 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
         self.stdout.write(f"  System-initiated: {system_count} ({(system_count/total_transitions)*100:.1f}%)")
 
         # Daily transition volume
+        # Security: Using Django ORM functions instead of raw SQL .extra() to prevent SQL injection
         self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS('\n--- Daily Transition Volume ---'))
         daily_stats = (
-            queryset.extra(select={'day': 'date(timestamp)'})
+            queryset.annotate(day=TruncDate('timestamp'))
             .values('day')
             .annotate(count=Count('id'))
             .order_by('-day')[:7]
@@ -162,9 +164,10 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
             self.stdout.write(f"  {date}: {count} transitions")
 
         # Busiest hours
+        # Security: Using Django ORM functions instead of raw SQL .extra() to prevent SQL injection
         self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS('\n--- Busiest Hours (UTC) ---'))
         hourly_stats = (
-            queryset.extra(select={'hour': 'extract(hour from timestamp)'})
+            queryset.annotate(hour=ExtractHour('timestamp'))
             .values('hour')
             .annotate(count=Count('id'))
             .order_by('-count')[:5]