feat: Implement MFA authentication, add ride statistics model, and update various services, APIs, and tests across the application.

backend/tests/accessibility/test_wcag_compliance.py

@@ -21,18 +21,18 @@ dependencies are not installed or if running in CI without browser support.
 
 import os
 import unittest
-from django.test import TestCase, LiveServerTestCase, override_settings
-from django.urls import reverse
+
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+from django.test import LiveServerTestCase, TestCase, override_settings
+from django.urls import reverse
 
 # Check if selenium and axe are available
 try:
     from selenium import webdriver
     from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
-    from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
     from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
-    from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
     from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
+    from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
     HAS_SELENIUM = True
 except ImportError:
     HAS_SELENIUM = False
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class WCAGComplianceTests(AccessibilityTestMixin, LiveServerTestCase):
             cls.driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)
             cls.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
         except Exception as e:
-            raise unittest.SkipTest(f"Chrome WebDriver not available: {e}")
+            raise unittest.SkipTest(f"Chrome WebDriver not available: {e}") from None
 
     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(cls):

backend/tests/api/test_auth_api.py

@@ -16,17 +16,11 @@ This module provides extensive test coverage for:
 Test patterns follow Django styleguide conventions.
 """
 
-import pytest
-from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
-from django.test import TestCase
-from django.urls import reverse
 from rest_framework import status
-from rest_framework.test import APITestCase, APIClient
+from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 
 from tests.factories import (
     UserFactory,
-    StaffUserFactory,
-    SuperUserFactory,
 )
 from tests.test_utils import EnhancedAPITestCase
 

backend/tests/api/test_error_handling.py

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ with proper error codes, messages, and details.
 """
 
 from django.test import TestCase
-from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 from rest_framework import status
+from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 
 
 class ErrorResponseFormatTestCase(TestCase):

backend/tests/api/test_filters.py

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ similar endpoints and behave as expected.
 """
 
 from django.test import TestCase
-from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 from rest_framework import status
+from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 
 
 class FilterParameterNamingTestCase(TestCase):
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class FilterMetadataTestCase(TestCase):
         if response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK:
             data = response.json()
             if data.get("data") and data["data"].get("categorical"):
-                for field, options in data["data"]["categorical"].items():
+                for _field, options in data["data"]["categorical"].items():
                     if isinstance(options, list) and options:
                         option = options[0]
                         # Each option should have value and label

backend/tests/api/test_pagination.py

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ metadata including count, next, previous, page_size, current_page, and total_pag
 """
 
 from django.test import TestCase
-from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 from rest_framework import status
+from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 
 
 class PaginationMetadataTestCase(TestCase):

backend/tests/api/test_parks_api.py

@@ -13,20 +13,18 @@ Test patterns follow Django styleguide conventions with:
 - Permission and authorization testing
 """
 
-import pytest
-from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
-from django.test import TestCase
-from django.urls import reverse
-from rest_framework import status
-from rest_framework.test import APITestCase, APIClient
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
-from apps.parks.models import Park, ParkPhoto
+from rest_framework import status
+from rest_framework.test import APIClient
+
+from apps.parks.models import Park
 from tests.factories import (
-    UserFactory,
+    CompanyFactory,
+    ParkFactory,
     StaffUserFactory,
     SuperUserFactory,
-    ParkFactory,
-    CompanyFactory,
+    UserFactory,
 )
 from tests.test_utils import EnhancedAPITestCase
 
@@ -471,7 +469,7 @@ class TestParkAPIQueryOptimization(EnhancedAPITestCase):
     def test__park_list__uses_select_related(self):
         """Test that park list uses select_related for optimization."""
         # Create multiple parks
-        for i in range(5):
+        for _i in range(5):
             ParkFactory(operator=self.operator)
 
         url = '/api/v1/parks/hybrid/'

backend/tests/api/test_response_format.py

@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@ These tests verify that all API endpoints return responses in the standardized
 format with proper success/error indicators, data nesting, and error codes.
 """
 
-import pytest
 from django.test import TestCase
-from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 from rest_framework import status
+from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 
 
 class ResponseFormatTestCase(TestCase):

backend/tests/api/test_rides_api.py

@@ -15,24 +15,18 @@ This module provides extensive test coverage for:
 Test patterns follow Django styleguide conventions.
 """
 
-import pytest
-from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
-from django.test import TestCase
-from django.urls import reverse
 from rest_framework import status
-from rest_framework.test import APITestCase, APIClient
+from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 
 from tests.factories import (
-    UserFactory,
-    StaffUserFactory,
-    SuperUserFactory,
+    CoasterFactory,
+    DesignerCompanyFactory,
+    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
     ParkFactory,
     RideFactory,
-    CoasterFactory,
-    CompanyFactory,
-    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
-    DesignerCompanyFactory,
     RideModelFactory,
+    StaffUserFactory,
+    UserFactory,
 )
 from tests.test_utils import EnhancedAPITestCase
 
@@ -752,7 +746,7 @@ class TestRideAPIQueryOptimization(EnhancedAPITestCase):
     def test__ride_list__uses_select_related(self):
         """Test that ride list uses select_related for optimization."""
         # Create multiple rides
-        for i in range(5):
+        for _i in range(5):
             RideFactory(park=self.park)
 
         response = self.client.get('/api/v1/rides/')

backend/tests/conftest.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import os
 
 import django
 import pytest
-from django.conf import settings
 
 # Configure Django settings before any tests run
 os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "config.django.test")

backend/tests/e2e/conftest.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-import pytest
+import contextlib
 import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
 from playwright.sync_api import Page
 
 
@@ -212,9 +214,10 @@ def admin_page(page: Page, live_server, setup_test_data):
 def submission_pending(db):
     """Create a pending EditSubmission for FSM testing."""
     from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+    from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+
     from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
     from apps.parks.models import Park
-    from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 
     User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -246,19 +249,18 @@ def submission_pending(db):
     yield submission
 
     # Cleanup
-    try:
+    with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
         submission.delete()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def submission_approved(db):
     """Create an approved EditSubmission for FSM testing."""
     from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+    from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+
     from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
     from apps.parks.models import Park
-    from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 
     User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -285,10 +287,8 @@ def submission_approved(db):
 
     yield submission
 
-    try:
+    with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
         submission.delete()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -322,9 +322,10 @@ def park_closed_temp(db):
 @pytest.fixture
 def park_closed_perm(db):
     """Create a permanently closed Park for FSM testing."""
-    from tests.factories import ParkFactory
     from datetime import date, timedelta
 
+    from tests.factories import ParkFactory
+
     park = ParkFactory(
         name="FSM Test Park Closed Perm",
         slug="fsm-test-park-closed-perm",
@@ -368,9 +369,10 @@ def ride_sbno(db, park_operating):
 @pytest.fixture
 def ride_closed_perm(db, park_operating):
     """Create a permanently closed Ride for FSM testing."""
-    from tests.factories import RideFactory
     from datetime import date, timedelta
 
+    from tests.factories import RideFactory
+
     ride = RideFactory(
         name="FSM Test Ride Closed Perm",
         slug="fsm-test-ride-closed-perm",
@@ -386,6 +388,7 @@ def ride_closed_perm(db, park_operating):
 def queue_item_pending(db):
     """Create a pending ModerationQueue item for FSM testing."""
     from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+
     from apps.moderation.models import ModerationQueue
 
     User = get_user_model()
@@ -406,16 +409,15 @@ def queue_item_pending(db):
 
     yield queue_item
 
-    try:
+    with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
         queue_item.delete()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def bulk_operation_pending(db):
     """Create a pending BulkOperation for FSM testing."""
     from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+
     from apps.moderation.models import BulkOperation
 
     User = get_user_model()
@@ -437,10 +439,8 @@ def bulk_operation_pending(db):
 
     yield operation
 
-    try:
+    with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
         operation.delete()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
 
 
 # =============================================================================

backend/tests/e2e/test_auth.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from playwright.sync_api import expect, Page
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
 
 
 def test_login_page(page: Page):

backend/tests/e2e/test_fsm_error_handling.py

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ These tests verify:
 - User-friendly error messages are displayed
 """
 
+import re
+
 import pytest
 from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
 
@@ -73,9 +75,10 @@ class TestInvalidTransitionErrors:
     ):
         """Test that trying to approve an already-approved submission shows error."""
         from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+
         from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
         from apps.parks.models import Park
-        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 
         User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -351,9 +354,10 @@ class TestConfirmationDialogs:
     ):
         """Test that confirmation dialog appears for reject transition."""
         from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+
         from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
         from apps.parks.models import Park
-        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 
         User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -414,9 +418,10 @@ class TestConfirmationDialogs:
     ):
         """Test that canceling the confirmation dialog prevents the transition."""
         from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+
         from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
         from apps.parks.models import Park
-        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 
         User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -472,9 +477,10 @@ class TestConfirmationDialogs:
     ):
         """Test that accepting the confirmation dialog executes the transition."""
         from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+
         from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
         from apps.parks.models import Park
-        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 
         User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -629,7 +635,7 @@ class TestToastNotificationBehavior:
         expect(toast).to_be_visible(timeout=5000)
 
         # Should have error/danger styling (red)
-        expect(toast).to_have_class(/error|danger|bg-red|text-red/)
+        expect(toast).to_have_class(re.compile(r"error|danger|bg-red|text-red"))
 
     def test_success_toast_has_correct_styling(
         self, mod_page: Page, live_server, db
@@ -665,4 +671,4 @@ class TestToastNotificationBehavior:
         expect(toast).to_be_visible(timeout=5000)
 
         # Should have success styling (green)
-        expect(toast).to_have_class(/success|bg-green|text-green/)
+        expect(toast).to_have_class(re.compile(r"success|bg-green|text-green"))

backend/tests/e2e/test_fsm_permissions.py

@@ -89,9 +89,10 @@ class TestRegularUserPermissions:
     ):
         """Test that regular users cannot approve submissions."""
         from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+
         from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
         from apps.parks.models import Park
-        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 
         User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -229,9 +230,10 @@ class TestModeratorPermissions:
     ):
         """Test that moderators CAN see and use approve button."""
         from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+
         from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
         from apps.parks.models import Park
-        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 
         User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -501,5 +503,5 @@ class TestTransitionButtonVisibility:
         assert visible, "Expected demolish or relocate button for CLOSED_PERM state"
 
         # Reopen should still be visible to restore to operating
-        reopen_btn = status_actions.get_by_role("button", name="Reopen")
+        status_actions.get_by_role("button", name="Reopen")
         # May or may not be visible depending on FSM configuration

backend/tests/e2e/test_moderation_fsm.py

@@ -15,14 +15,15 @@ These tests verify:
 """
 
 import pytest
-from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def pending_submission(db):
     """Create a pending EditSubmission for testing."""
     from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+
     from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
     from apps.parks.models import Park
 
@@ -63,9 +64,10 @@ def pending_submission(db):
 def pending_photo_submission(db):
     """Create a pending PhotoSubmission for testing."""
     from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+    from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+
     from apps.moderation.models import PhotoSubmission
     from apps.parks.models import Park
-    from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 
     User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -146,7 +148,6 @@ class TestEditSubmissionTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Approved")
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
         pending_submission.refresh_from_db()
         assert pending_submission.status == "APPROVED"
 
@@ -180,7 +181,6 @@ class TestEditSubmissionTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Rejected")
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
         pending_submission.refresh_from_db()
         assert pending_submission.status == "REJECTED"
 
@@ -214,7 +214,6 @@ class TestEditSubmissionTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Escalated")
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
         pending_submission.refresh_from_db()
         assert pending_submission.status == "ESCALATED"
 
@@ -254,7 +253,6 @@ class TestPhotoSubmissionTransitions:
         expect(toast).to_contain_text("approved")
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.moderation.models import PhotoSubmission
         pending_photo_submission.refresh_from_db()
         assert pending_photo_submission.status == "APPROVED"
 
@@ -290,7 +288,6 @@ class TestPhotoSubmissionTransitions:
         expect(toast).to_contain_text("rejected")
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.moderation.models import PhotoSubmission
         pending_photo_submission.refresh_from_db()
         assert pending_photo_submission.status == "REJECTED"
 
@@ -302,6 +299,7 @@ class TestModerationQueueTransitions:
     def pending_queue_item(self, db):
         """Create a pending ModerationQueue item for testing."""
         from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+
         from apps.moderation.models import ModerationQueue
 
         User = get_user_model()
@@ -346,7 +344,6 @@ class TestModerationQueueTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("In Progress", timeout=5000)
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.moderation.models import ModerationQueue
         pending_queue_item.refresh_from_db()
         assert pending_queue_item.status == "IN_PROGRESS"
 
@@ -376,7 +373,6 @@ class TestModerationQueueTransitions:
         toast = mod_page.locator('[data-toast]')
         expect(toast).to_be_visible(timeout=5000)
 
-        from apps.moderation.models import ModerationQueue
         pending_queue_item.refresh_from_db()
         assert pending_queue_item.status == "COMPLETED"
 
@@ -388,6 +384,7 @@ class TestBulkOperationTransitions:
     def pending_bulk_operation(self, db):
         """Create a pending BulkOperation for testing."""
         from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+
         from apps.moderation.models import BulkOperation
 
         User = get_user_model()
@@ -438,7 +435,6 @@ class TestBulkOperationTransitions:
         expect(toast).to_contain_text("cancel")
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.moderation.models import BulkOperation
         pending_bulk_operation.refresh_from_db()
         assert pending_bulk_operation.status == "CANCELLED"
 
@@ -470,7 +466,7 @@ class TestTransitionLoadingStates:
 
         # Check for htmx-indicator visibility (may be brief)
         # The indicator should become visible during the request
-        loading_indicator = submission_row.locator('.htmx-indicator')
+        submission_row.locator('.htmx-indicator')
 
         # Wait for transition to complete
         toast = mod_page.locator('[data-toast]')

backend/tests/e2e/test_park_browsing.py

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class TestParkDetailPage:
         page.goto(f"{live_server.url}/parks/{park.slug}/")
 
         # Look for rides section/tab
-        rides_section = page.locator(
+        page.locator(
             "[data-testid='rides-section'], #rides, [role='tabpanel']"
         )
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class TestParkNavigation:
             # Click parks link in breadcrumb
             breadcrumb.get_by_role("link", name="Parks").click()
 
-            expect(page).to_have_url(f"**/parks/**")
+            expect(page).to_have_url("**/parks/**")
 
     def test__back_button__returns_to_previous_page(
         self, page: Page, live_server, parks_data
@@ -179,4 +179,4 @@ class TestParkNavigation:
         # Go back
         page.go_back()
 
-        expect(page).to_have_url(f"**/parks/**")
+        expect(page).to_have_url("**/parks/**")

backend/tests/e2e/test_park_ride_fsm.py

@@ -13,15 +13,16 @@ These tests verify:
 - StateLog entry created in database
 """
 
+import re
+from datetime import date, timedelta
+
 import pytest
 from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
-from datetime import date, timedelta
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def operating_park(db):
     """Create an operating Park for testing status transitions."""
-    from apps.parks.models import Park
     from tests.factories import ParkFactory
 
     # Use factory to create a complete park
@@ -93,7 +94,6 @@ class TestParkStatusTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Temporarily Closed", timeout=5000)
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.parks.models import Park
         operating_park.refresh_from_db()
         assert operating_park.status == "CLOSED_TEMP"
 
@@ -127,7 +127,6 @@ class TestParkStatusTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Operating", timeout=5000)
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.parks.models import Park
         operating_park.refresh_from_db()
         assert operating_park.status == "OPERATING"
 
@@ -165,7 +164,6 @@ class TestParkStatusTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Permanently Closed", timeout=5000)
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.parks.models import Park
         operating_park.refresh_from_db()
         assert operating_park.status == "CLOSED_PERM"
 
@@ -206,7 +204,6 @@ class TestParkStatusTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Demolished", timeout=5000)
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.parks.models import Park
         operating_park.refresh_from_db()
         assert operating_park.status == "DEMOLISHED"
 
@@ -274,7 +271,6 @@ class TestRideStatusTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Temporarily Closed", timeout=5000)
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.rides.models import Ride
         operating_ride.refresh_from_db()
         assert operating_ride.status == "CLOSED_TEMP"
 
@@ -310,7 +306,6 @@ class TestRideStatusTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("SBNO", timeout=5000)
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.rides.models import Ride
         operating_ride.refresh_from_db()
         assert operating_ride.status == "SBNO"
 
@@ -344,7 +339,6 @@ class TestRideStatusTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Operating", timeout=5000)
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.rides.models import Ride
         operating_ride.refresh_from_db()
         assert operating_ride.status == "OPERATING"
 
@@ -384,7 +378,6 @@ class TestRideStatusTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Permanently Closed", timeout=5000)
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.rides.models import Ride
         operating_ride.refresh_from_db()
         assert operating_ride.status == "CLOSED_PERM"
 
@@ -429,7 +422,6 @@ class TestRideStatusTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Demolished", timeout=5000)
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.rides.models import Ride
         operating_ride.refresh_from_db()
         assert operating_ride.status == "DEMOLISHED"
 
@@ -474,7 +466,6 @@ class TestRideStatusTransitions:
         expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Relocated", timeout=5000)
 
         # Verify database state
-        from apps.rides.models import Ride
         operating_ride.refresh_from_db()
         assert operating_ride.status == "RELOCATED"
 
@@ -507,7 +498,6 @@ class TestRideClosingWorkflow:
             expect(status_badge).to_contain_text("Closing", timeout=5000)
 
             # Verify database state
-            from apps.rides.models import Ride
             operating_ride.refresh_from_db()
             assert operating_ride.status == "CLOSING"
         else:
@@ -549,7 +539,7 @@ class TestStatusBadgeStyling:
         mod_page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
 
         status_badge = mod_page.locator('[data-status-badge]')
-        expect(status_badge).to_have_class(/bg-green|text-green|success/)
+        expect(status_badge).to_have_class(re.compile(r"bg-green|text-green|success"))
 
     def test_closed_temp_status_badge_style(
         self, mod_page: Page, operating_park, live_server
@@ -562,7 +552,7 @@ class TestStatusBadgeStyling:
         mod_page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
 
         status_badge = mod_page.locator('[data-status-badge]')
-        expect(status_badge).to_have_class(/bg-yellow|text-yellow|warning/)
+        expect(status_badge).to_have_class(re.compile(r"bg-yellow|text-yellow|warning"))
 
     def test_closed_perm_status_badge_style(
         self, mod_page: Page, operating_park, live_server
@@ -575,7 +565,7 @@ class TestStatusBadgeStyling:
         mod_page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
 
         status_badge = mod_page.locator('[data-status-badge]')
-        expect(status_badge).to_have_class(/bg-red|text-red|danger/)
+        expect(status_badge).to_have_class(re.compile(r"bg-red|text-red|danger"))
 
     def test_demolished_status_badge_style(
         self, mod_page: Page, operating_park, live_server
@@ -588,4 +578,4 @@ class TestStatusBadgeStyling:
         mod_page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
 
         status_badge = mod_page.locator('[data-status-badge]')
-        expect(status_badge).to_have_class(/bg-gray|text-gray|muted/)
+        expect(status_badge).to_have_class(re.compile(r"bg-gray|text-gray|muted"))

backend/tests/e2e/test_parks.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from playwright.sync_api import expect, Page
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
 
 
 def test_parks_list_page(page: Page):

backend/tests/e2e/test_profiles.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from playwright.sync_api import expect, Page
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
 
 
 def test_profile_page(page: Page):

backend/tests/e2e/test_review_submission.py

@@ -168,7 +168,6 @@ class TestReviewEditing:
     def test__own_review__shows_edit_button(self, auth_page: Page, live_server, test_review):
         """Test user's own review shows edit button."""
         # Navigate to reviews after creating one
-        park_url = auth_page.url
 
         # Look for edit button on own review
         edit_button = auth_page.locator(
@@ -324,7 +323,7 @@ class TestRideReviews:
             intensity_field = auth_page.locator(
                 "select[name='intensity'], input[name='intensity']"
             )
-            wait_time_field = auth_page.locator(
+            auth_page.locator(
                 "input[name='wait_time'], select[name='wait_time']"
             )
 

backend/tests/e2e/test_reviews.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from playwright.sync_api import expect, Page
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
 
 
 def test_reviews_list_page(page: Page):

backend/tests/e2e/test_rides.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from playwright.sync_api import expect, Page
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
 
 
 def test_rides_list_page(page: Page):

backend/tests/factories.py

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ Following Django styleguide pattern for test data creation using factory_boy.
 """
 
 import factory
-from factory import fuzzy
-from factory.django import DjangoModelFactory
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
 from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point
 from django.utils.text import slugify
+from factory import fuzzy
+from factory.django import DjangoModelFactory
 
 User = get_user_model()
 

backend/tests/forms/test_park_forms.py

@@ -4,21 +4,18 @@ Tests for Park forms.
 Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcome>
 """
 
+
 import pytest
-from decimal import Decimal
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from apps.parks.forms import (
+    ParkAutocomplete,
     ParkForm,
     ParkSearchForm,
-    ParkAutocomplete,
 )
-
 from tests.factories import (
-    ParkFactory,
     OperatorCompanyFactory,
-    LocationFactory,
+    ParkFactory,
 )
 
 

backend/tests/forms/test_ride_forms.py

@@ -4,21 +4,20 @@ Tests for Ride forms.
 Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcome>
 """
 
+
 import pytest
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from apps.rides.forms import (
     RideForm,
     RideSearchForm,
 )
-
 from tests.factories import (
+    DesignerCompanyFactory,
+    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
+    ParkAreaFactory,
     ParkFactory,
     RideFactory,
-    ParkAreaFactory,
-    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
-    DesignerCompanyFactory,
     RideModelFactory,
 )
 

backend/tests/integration/test_fsm_transition_view.py

@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ These are faster than E2E tests and don't require Playwright.
 """
 
 import json
-import pytest
-from django.test import TestCase, Client
-from django.urls import reverse
+
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+from django.test import Client, TestCase
+from django.urls import reverse
 
 User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -730,9 +730,10 @@ class TestFSMTransitionViewStateLog(TestCase):
 
     def test_transition_creates_state_log(self):
         """Test that FSM transition creates a StateLog entry."""
+        from django_fsm_log.models import StateLog
+
         from apps.moderation.models import EditSubmission
         from apps.parks.models import Park
-        from django_fsm_log.models import StateLog
 
         park = Park.objects.first()
         if not park:

backend/tests/integration/test_fsm_transition_workflow.py

@@ -5,19 +5,16 @@ These tests verify the complete state transition workflows for
 Parks and Rides using the FSM implementation.
 """
 
-import pytest
 from datetime import date, timedelta
-from django.test import TestCase
-from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 
-from apps.parks.models import Park
-from apps.rides.models import Ride
+import pytest
+from django.test import TestCase
 
 from tests.factories import (
+    ParkAreaFactory,
     ParkFactory,
     RideFactory,
     UserFactory,
-    ParkAreaFactory,
 )
 
 

backend/tests/integration/test_park_creation_workflow.py

@@ -6,18 +6,15 @@ validation, location creation, and related operations.
 """
 
 import pytest
-from django.test import TestCase, TransactionTestCase
-from django.db import transaction
+from django.test import TestCase
 
-from apps.parks.models import Park, ParkArea, ParkReview
 from apps.parks.forms import ParkForm
-
 from tests.factories import (
-    ParkFactory,
-    ParkAreaFactory,
     OperatorCompanyFactory,
-    UserFactory,
+    ParkAreaFactory,
+    ParkFactory,
     RideFactory,
+    UserFactory,
 )
 
 
@@ -61,9 +58,9 @@ class TestParkCreationWorkflow(TestCase):
         park = ParkFactory()
 
         # Add areas
-        area1 = ParkAreaFactory(park=park, name="Main Entrance")
-        area2 = ParkAreaFactory(park=park, name="Thrill Zone")
-        area3 = ParkAreaFactory(park=park, name="Kids Area")
+        ParkAreaFactory(park=park, name="Main Entrance")
+        ParkAreaFactory(park=park, name="Thrill Zone")
+        ParkAreaFactory(park=park, name="Kids Area")
 
         # Verify structure
         assert park.areas.count() == 3
@@ -156,7 +153,7 @@ class TestParkReviewWorkflow(TestCase):
 
         from tests.factories import ParkReviewFactory
 
-        review1 = ParkReviewFactory(park=park, user=user1, rating=10, is_published=True)
+        ParkReviewFactory(park=park, user=user1, rating=10, is_published=True)
         review2 = ParkReviewFactory(park=park, user=user2, rating=2, is_published=True)
 
         # Unpublish the low rating

backend/tests/integration/test_photo_upload_workflow.py

@@ -5,22 +5,21 @@ These tests verify the complete workflow of photo uploads including
 validation, processing, and moderation.
 """
 
-import pytest
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
-from django.test import TestCase
+
+import pytest
 from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
+from django.test import TestCase
 
 from apps.parks.models import ParkPhoto
-from apps.rides.models import RidePhoto
 from apps.parks.services.media_service import ParkMediaService
-
 from tests.factories import (
     ParkFactory,
-    RideFactory,
     ParkPhotoFactory,
+    RideFactory,
     RidePhotoFactory,
-    UserFactory,
     StaffUserFactory,
+    UserFactory,
 )
 
 
@@ -215,9 +214,9 @@ class TestRidePhotoWorkflow(TestCase):
         """Test ride photos can have different types."""
         ride = RideFactory()
 
-        exterior = RidePhotoFactory(ride=ride, photo_type="exterior")
-        queue = RidePhotoFactory(ride=ride, photo_type="queue")
-        onride = RidePhotoFactory(ride=ride, photo_type="onride")
+        RidePhotoFactory(ride=ride, photo_type="exterior")
+        RidePhotoFactory(ride=ride, photo_type="queue")
+        RidePhotoFactory(ride=ride, photo_type="onride")
 
         assert ride.photos.filter(photo_type="exterior").count() == 1
         assert ride.photos.filter(photo_type="queue").count() == 1

backend/tests/managers/test_core_managers.py

@@ -4,31 +4,13 @@ Tests for Core managers and querysets.
 Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcome>
 """
 
+
 import pytest
 from django.test import TestCase
-from django.utils import timezone
-from datetime import timedelta
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
-
-from apps.core.managers import (
-    BaseQuerySet,
-    BaseManager,
-    LocationQuerySet,
-    LocationManager,
-    ReviewableQuerySet,
-    ReviewableManager,
-    HierarchicalQuerySet,
-    HierarchicalManager,
-    TimestampedQuerySet,
-    TimestampedManager,
-    StatusQuerySet,
-    StatusManager,
-)
 
 from tests.factories import (
     ParkFactory,
     ParkReviewFactory,
-    RideFactory,
     UserFactory,
 )
 

backend/tests/managers/test_park_managers.py

@@ -4,32 +4,23 @@ Tests for Park managers and querysets.
 Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcome>
 """
 
+
 import pytest
 from django.test import TestCase
-from django.utils import timezone
-from datetime import timedelta
 
-from apps.parks.models import Park, ParkArea, ParkReview, Company
 from apps.parks.managers import (
     ParkQuerySet,
-    ParkManager,
-    ParkAreaQuerySet,
-    ParkAreaManager,
-    ParkReviewQuerySet,
-    ParkReviewManager,
-    CompanyQuerySet,
-    CompanyManager,
 )
-
+from apps.parks.models import Company, Park, ParkArea, ParkReview
 from tests.factories import (
-    ParkFactory,
+    CoasterFactory,
+    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
+    OperatorCompanyFactory,
     ParkAreaFactory,
+    ParkFactory,
     ParkReviewFactory,
     RideFactory,
-    CoasterFactory,
     UserFactory,
-    OperatorCompanyFactory,
-    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
 )
 
 
@@ -290,7 +281,7 @@ class TestParkReviewQuerySet(TestCase):
         """Test moderation_required filters reviews needing moderation."""
         user1 = UserFactory()
         user2 = UserFactory()
-        published = ParkReviewFactory(is_published=True, user=user1)
+        ParkReviewFactory(is_published=True, user=user1)
         unpublished = ParkReviewFactory(is_published=False, user=user2)
 
         result = ParkReview.objects.moderation_required()

backend/tests/managers/test_ride_managers.py

@@ -6,29 +6,22 @@ Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcom
 
 import pytest
 from django.test import TestCase
-from django.utils import timezone
 
-from apps.rides.models import Ride, RideModel, RideReview
 from apps.rides.managers import (
-    RideQuerySet,
-    RideManager,
     RideModelQuerySet,
-    RideModelManager,
+    RideQuerySet,
     RideReviewQuerySet,
-    RideReviewManager,
-    RollerCoasterStatsQuerySet,
-    RollerCoasterStatsManager,
 )
-
+from apps.rides.models import Ride, RideModel, RideReview
 from tests.factories import (
-    RideFactory,
     CoasterFactory,
+    DesignerCompanyFactory,
+    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
     ParkFactory,
+    RideFactory,
     RideModelFactory,
     RideReviewFactory,
     UserFactory,
-    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
-    DesignerCompanyFactory,
 )
 
 

backend/tests/middleware/test_contract_validation_middleware.py

@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@ Tests for ContractValidationMiddleware.
 Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcome>
 """
 
-import pytest
-import json
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock
-from django.test import TestCase, RequestFactory, override_settings
-from django.http import JsonResponse, HttpResponse
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
+from django.test import RequestFactory, TestCase, override_settings
 
 from apps.api.v1.middleware import (
     ContractValidationMiddleware,

backend/tests/serializers/test_account_serializers.py

@@ -4,29 +4,26 @@ Tests for Account serializers.
 Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcome>
 """
 
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
 import pytest
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock
-from django.test import TestCase, RequestFactory
+from django.test import RequestFactory, TestCase
 
 from apps.accounts.serializers import (
-    UserSerializer,
     LoginSerializer,
-    SignupSerializer,
-    PasswordResetSerializer,
     PasswordChangeSerializer,
+    PasswordResetSerializer,
+    SignupSerializer,
     SocialProviderSerializer,
+    UserSerializer,
 )
-
 from apps.api.v1.accounts.serializers import (
     UserProfileCreateInputSerializer,
-    UserProfileUpdateInputSerializer,
     UserProfileOutputSerializer,
-
+    UserProfileUpdateInputSerializer,
 )
-
 from tests.factories import (
     UserFactory,
-    StaffUserFactory,
 )
 
 
@@ -169,7 +166,7 @@ class TestSignupSerializer(TestCase):
 
     def test__validate_email__duplicate_email__returns_error(self):
         """Test validation fails with duplicate email."""
-        existing_user = UserFactory(email="existing@example.com")
+        UserFactory(email="existing@example.com")
         data = {
             "username": "newuser",
             "email": "existing@example.com",
@@ -185,7 +182,7 @@ class TestSignupSerializer(TestCase):
 
     def test__validate_email__case_insensitive__returns_error(self):
         """Test email validation is case insensitive."""
-        existing_user = UserFactory(email="existing@example.com")
+        UserFactory(email="existing@example.com")
         data = {
             "username": "newuser",
             "email": "EXISTING@EXAMPLE.COM",
@@ -201,7 +198,7 @@ class TestSignupSerializer(TestCase):
 
     def test__validate_username__duplicate_username__returns_error(self):
         """Test validation fails with duplicate username."""
-        existing_user = UserFactory(username="existinguser")
+        UserFactory(username="existinguser")
         data = {
             "username": "existinguser",
             "email": "new@example.com",
@@ -262,7 +259,7 @@ class TestPasswordResetSerializer(TestCase):
 
     def test__validate__valid_email__returns_normalized_email(self):
         """Test validation normalizes email."""
-        user = UserFactory(email="test@example.com")
+        UserFactory(email="test@example.com")
         data = {"email": "  TEST@EXAMPLE.COM  "}
 
         serializer = PasswordResetSerializer(data=data)
@@ -302,7 +299,7 @@ class TestPasswordResetSerializer(TestCase):
     @patch("apps.accounts.serializers.EmailService.send_email")
     def test__save__existing_user__sends_email(self, mock_send_email):
         """Test save sends email for existing user."""
-        user = UserFactory(email="reset@example.com")
+        UserFactory(email="reset@example.com")
         data = {"email": "reset@example.com"}
 
         factory = RequestFactory()

backend/tests/serializers/test_park_serializers.py

@@ -4,27 +4,27 @@ Tests for Park serializers.
 Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcome>
 """
 
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
 import pytest
-from unittest.mock import Mock, MagicMock
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from apps.api.v1.parks.serializers import (
-    ParkPhotoOutputSerializer,
-    ParkPhotoCreateInputSerializer,
-    ParkPhotoUpdateInputSerializer,
-    ParkPhotoListOutputSerializer,
-    ParkPhotoApprovalInputSerializer,
-    ParkPhotoStatsOutputSerializer,
-    ParkPhotoSerializer,
     HybridParkSerializer,
+    ParkPhotoApprovalInputSerializer,
+    ParkPhotoCreateInputSerializer,
+    ParkPhotoListOutputSerializer,
+    ParkPhotoOutputSerializer,
+    ParkPhotoSerializer,
+    ParkPhotoStatsOutputSerializer,
+    ParkPhotoUpdateInputSerializer,
     ParkSerializer,
 )
-
 from tests.factories import (
+    CloudflareImageFactory,
     ParkFactory,
     ParkPhotoFactory,
     UserFactory,
-    CloudflareImageFactory,
 )
 
 

backend/tests/serializers/test_ride_serializers.py

@@ -4,31 +4,30 @@ Tests for Ride serializers.
 Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcome>
 """
 
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
 import pytest
-from unittest.mock import Mock, MagicMock
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from apps.api.v1.rides.serializers import (
-    RidePhotoOutputSerializer,
-    RidePhotoCreateInputSerializer,
-    RidePhotoUpdateInputSerializer,
-    RidePhotoListOutputSerializer,
+    HybridRideSerializer,
     RidePhotoApprovalInputSerializer,
+    RidePhotoCreateInputSerializer,
+    RidePhotoListOutputSerializer,
+    RidePhotoOutputSerializer,
+    RidePhotoSerializer,
     RidePhotoStatsOutputSerializer,
     RidePhotoTypeFilterSerializer,
-    RidePhotoSerializer,
-    HybridRideSerializer,
+    RidePhotoUpdateInputSerializer,
     RideSerializer,
 )
-
 from tests.factories import (
+    CloudflareImageFactory,
+    DesignerCompanyFactory,
+    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
     RideFactory,
     RidePhotoFactory,
-    ParkFactory,
     UserFactory,
-    CloudflareImageFactory,
-    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
-    DesignerCompanyFactory,
 )
 
 

backend/tests/services/test_park_media_service.py

@@ -4,20 +4,19 @@ Tests for ParkMediaService.
 Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcome>
 """
 
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
 import pytest
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock
-from django.test import TestCase
 from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
+from django.test import TestCase
 
-from apps.parks.services.media_service import ParkMediaService
 from apps.parks.models import ParkPhoto
-
+from apps.parks.services.media_service import ParkMediaService
 from tests.factories import (
     ParkFactory,
     ParkPhotoFactory,
-    UserFactory,
     StaffUserFactory,
-    CloudflareImageFactory,
+    UserFactory,
 )
 
 
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ class TestParkMediaServiceGetParkPhotos(TestCase):
     def test__get_park_photos__primary_first__orders_primary_first(self):
         """Test get_park_photos with primary_first orders primary photos first."""
         park = ParkFactory()
-        non_primary = ParkPhotoFactory(park=park, is_primary=False, is_approved=True)
+        ParkPhotoFactory(park=park, is_primary=False, is_approved=True)
         primary = ParkPhotoFactory(park=park, is_primary=True, is_approved=True)
 
         result = ParkMediaService.get_park_photos(park, primary_first=True)

backend/tests/services/test_ride_service.py

@@ -4,22 +4,21 @@ Tests for RideService.
 Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcome>
 """
 
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
 import pytest
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock
 from django.test import TestCase
-from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 
-from apps.rides.services import RideService
 from apps.rides.models import Ride
-
+from apps.rides.services import RideService
 from tests.factories import (
+    DesignerCompanyFactory,
+    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
+    ParkAreaFactory,
     ParkFactory,
     RideFactory,
     RideModelFactory,
-    ParkAreaFactory,
     UserFactory,
-    ManufacturerCompanyFactory,
-    DesignerCompanyFactory,
 )
 
 

backend/tests/services/test_user_deletion_service.py

@@ -4,22 +4,20 @@ Tests for UserDeletionService and AccountService.
 Following Django styleguide pattern: test__<context>__<action>__<expected_outcome>
 """
 
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
 import pytest
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock
-from django.test import TestCase, RequestFactory
-from django.utils import timezone
+from django.test import RequestFactory, TestCase
 
-from apps.accounts.services import UserDeletionService, AccountService
 from apps.accounts.models import User
-
+from apps.accounts.services import AccountService, UserDeletionService
 from tests.factories import (
-    UserFactory,
-    StaffUserFactory,
-    SuperUserFactory,
-    ParkReviewFactory,
-    RideReviewFactory,
     ParkFactory,
+    ParkReviewFactory,
     RideFactory,
+    RideReviewFactory,
+    SuperUserFactory,
+    UserFactory,
 )
 
 
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ class TestUserDeletionServiceDeleteUserPreserveSubmissions(TestCase):
 
         user_pk = user.pk
 
-        result = UserDeletionService.delete_user_preserve_submissions(user)
+        UserDeletionService.delete_user_preserve_submissions(user)
 
         # User should be deleted
         assert not User.objects.filter(pk=user_pk).exists()
@@ -270,7 +268,7 @@ class TestAccountServiceInitiateEmailChange(TestCase):
 
     def test__initiate_email_change__duplicate_email__returns_error(self):
         """Test initiate_email_change returns error for duplicate email."""
-        existing_user = UserFactory(email="existing@example.com")
+        UserFactory(email="existing@example.com")
         user = UserFactory()
 
         factory = RequestFactory()

backend/tests/test_factories.py

@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@ Test cases demonstrating the factory pattern usage.
 Following Django styleguide pattern for test data creation.
 """
 
-from django.test import TestCase
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+from django.test import TestCase
 
 from .factories import (
-    UserFactory,
-    ParkFactory,
-    RideFactory,
-    ParkReviewFactory,
-    RideReviewFactory,
     CompanyFactory,
+    ParkFactory,
+    ParkReviewFactory,
+    RideFactory,
+    RideReviewFactory,
     Traits,
+    UserFactory,
 )
 
 User = get_user_model()

backend/tests/test_parks_api.py

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ Comprehensive API endpoint testing with proper naming conventions.
 """
 
 from django.urls import reverse
-from rest_framework.test import APITestCase, APIClient
 from rest_framework import status
+from rest_framework.test import APIClient, APITestCase
 
 from apps.parks.models import Park
 from tests.factories import (
-    UserFactory,
-    StaffUserFactory,
     CompanyFactory,
     ParkFactory,
+    StaffUserFactory,
+    UserFactory,
 )
 
 

backend/tests/test_parks_models.py

@@ -4,18 +4,19 @@ Uses proper naming conventions and comprehensive coverage.
 """
 
 from datetime import date, timedelta
-from django.test import TestCase
+
 from django.db import IntegrityError
+from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import timezone
 
-from apps.parks.models import Park, Company
+from apps.parks.models import Company, Park
 from tests.factories import (
-    UserFactory,
     CompanyFactory,
-    ParkFactory,
     ParkAreaFactory,
+    ParkFactory,
     ParkReviewFactory,
     TestScenarios,
+    UserFactory,
 )
 
 

backend/tests/test_runner.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 import os
 import sys
+
+import coverage  # type: ignore
 import django
 from django.test.runner import DiscoverRunner
-import coverage  # type: ignore
 
 
 def setup_django():

backend/tests/test_utils.py

@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ Test utilities and helpers following Django styleguide patterns.
 Provides reusable testing patterns and assertion helpers.
 """
 
-from typing import Dict, Any, Optional, List
 from datetime import date, datetime
-from django.test import TestCase
+from typing import Any
+
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
-from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
+from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import status
+from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
 User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -22,8 +23,8 @@ class ApiTestMixin:
         *,
         status_code: int = status.HTTP_200_OK,
         response_status: str = "success",
-        data_type: Optional[type] = None,
-        contains_fields: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        data_type: type | None = None,
+        contains_fields: list[str] | None = None,
     ):
         """
         Assert API response has correct structure and content.
@@ -68,8 +69,8 @@ class ApiTestMixin:
         response,
         *,
         status_code: int,
-        error_code: Optional[str] = None,
-        message_contains: Optional[str] = None,
+        error_code: str | None = None,
+        message_contains: str | None = None,
     ):
         """
         Assert API response is an error with specific characteristics.
@@ -94,9 +95,9 @@ class ApiTestMixin:
         self,
         response,
         *,
-        expected_count: Optional[int] = None,
-        has_next: Optional[bool] = None,
-        has_previous: Optional[bool] = None,
+        expected_count: int | None = None,
+        has_next: bool | None = None,
+        has_previous: bool | None = None,
     ):
         """
         Assert API response has correct pagination structure.
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ class ApiTestMixin:
 class ModelTestMixin:
     """Mixin providing common model testing utilities."""
 
-    def assertModelFields(self, instance, expected_fields: Dict[str, Any]):
+    def assertModelFields(self, instance, expected_fields: dict[str, Any]):
         """
         Assert model instance has expected field values.
 
@@ -155,8 +156,8 @@ class ModelTestMixin:
     def assertModelValidation(
         self,
         model_class,
-        invalid_data: Dict[str, Any],
-        expected_errors: List[str],
+        invalid_data: dict[str, Any],
+        expected_errors: list[str],
     ):
         """
         Assert model validation catches expected errors.
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ class ModelTestMixin:
         for expected_error in expected_errors:
             self.assertIn(expected_error, exception_str)
 
-    def assertDatabaseConstraint(self, model_factory, invalid_data: Dict[str, Any]):
+    def assertDatabaseConstraint(self, model_factory, invalid_data: dict[str, Any]):
         """
         Assert database constraint is enforced.
 
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ class GeographyTestMixin:
             point2: (latitude, longitude) tuple
             max_distance_km: Maximum allowed distance in kilometers
         """
-        from math import radians, cos, sin, asin, sqrt
+        from math import asin, cos, radians, sin, sqrt
 
         lat1, lon1 = point1
         lat2, lon2 = point2

backend/tests/utils/__init__.py

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ for testing FSM transitions, HTMX interactions, and other common scenarios.
 """
 
 from .fsm_test_helpers import (
-    create_test_submission,
+    assert_state_log_created,
+    assert_status_changed,
+    assert_toast_triggered,
     create_test_park,
     create_test_ride,
-    assert_status_changed,
-    assert_state_log_created,
-    assert_toast_triggered,
-    wait_for_htmx_swap,
+    create_test_submission,
     verify_transition_buttons_visible,
+    wait_for_htmx_swap,
 )
 
 __all__ = [

backend/tests/utils/fsm_test_helpers.py

@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@ Reusable utility functions for testing FSM transitions:
 """
 
 import json
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Type
-from django.db.models import Model
+from typing import Any
+
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+from django.db.models import Model
 from django.http import HttpResponse
 
 User = get_user_model()
@@ -25,10 +26,10 @@ User = get_user_model()
 
 def create_test_submission(
     status: str = "PENDING",
-    user: Optional[User] = None,
-    park: Optional[Model] = None,
+    user: User | None = None,
+    park: Model | None = None,
     submission_type: str = "EDIT",
-    changes: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    changes: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     reason: str = "Test submission",
     **kwargs
 ) -> "EditSubmission":
@@ -87,8 +88,8 @@ def create_test_submission(
 
 def create_test_park(
     status: str = "OPERATING",
-    name: Optional[str] = None,
-    slug: Optional[str] = None,
+    name: str | None = None,
+    slug: str | None = None,
     **kwargs
 ) -> "Park":
     """
@@ -125,9 +126,9 @@ def create_test_park(
 
 def create_test_ride(
     status: str = "OPERATING",
-    name: Optional[str] = None,
-    slug: Optional[str] = None,
-    park: Optional[Model] = None,
+    name: str | None = None,
+    slug: str | None = None,
+    park: Model | None = None,
     **kwargs
 ) -> "Ride":
     """
@@ -170,8 +171,8 @@ def create_test_ride(
 
 def create_test_photo_submission(
     status: str = "PENDING",
-    user: Optional[User] = None,
-    park: Optional[Model] = None,
+    user: User | None = None,
+    park: Model | None = None,
     **kwargs
 ) -> "PhotoSubmission":
     """
@@ -254,8 +255,8 @@ def assert_status_changed(obj: Model, expected_status: str) -> None:
 def assert_state_log_created(
     obj: Model,
     transition_name: str,
-    user: Optional[User] = None,
-    expected_state: Optional[str] = None
+    user: User | None = None,
+    expected_state: str | None = None
 ) -> None:
     """
     Assert that a StateLog entry was created for a transition.
@@ -295,7 +296,7 @@ def assert_state_log_created(
 
 def assert_toast_triggered(
     response: HttpResponse,
-    message: Optional[str] = None,
+    message: str | None = None,
     toast_type: str = "success"
 ) -> None:
     """
@@ -375,9 +376,9 @@ def wait_for_htmx_swap(
 
 def verify_transition_buttons_visible(
     page,
-    transitions: List[str],
+    transitions: list[str],
     container_selector: str = "[data-status-actions]"
-) -> Dict[str, bool]:
+) -> dict[str, bool]:
     """
     Verify which transition buttons are visible on the page.
 
@@ -487,7 +488,7 @@ def click_and_confirm(page, button_locator, accept: bool = True) -> None:
 # =============================================================================
 
 
-def make_htmx_post(client, url: str, data: Optional[Dict] = None) -> HttpResponse:
+def make_htmx_post(client, url: str, data: dict | None = None) -> HttpResponse:
     """
     Make a POST request with HTMX headers.
 
@@ -529,7 +530,7 @@ def get_fsm_transition_url(
     pk: int,
     transition_name: str,
     use_slug: bool = False,
-    slug: Optional[str] = None
+    slug: str | None = None
 ) -> str:
     """
     Generate the URL for an FSM transition.

backend/tests/ux/test_breadcrumbs.py

@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@ These tests verify that the breadcrumb system generates
 correct navigation structures and Schema.org markup.
 """
 
-import pytest
 from django.test import RequestFactory
-from django.urls import reverse
 
 from apps.core.utils.breadcrumbs import (
     Breadcrumb,

backend/tests/ux/test_components.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ with various parameter combinations.
 
 import pytest
 from django.template import Context, Template
-from django.test import RequestFactory, override_settings
 
 
 @pytest.mark.django_db

backend/tests/ux/test_htmx_utils.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ correct responses with proper headers and content.
 import json
 
 import pytest
-from django.http import HttpRequest
 from django.test import RequestFactory
 
 from apps.core.htmx_utils import (

backend/tests/ux/test_messages.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ These tests verify that message helper functions generate
 consistent, user-friendly messages.
 """
 
-import pytest
 
 from apps.core.utils.messages import (
     confirm_delete,

backend/tests/ux/test_meta.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ These tests verify that meta tag helpers generate
 correct SEO and social sharing metadata.
 """
 
-import pytest
 from django.test import RequestFactory
 
 from apps.core.utils.meta import (